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<p>Heatwaves are among the most severe climate-driven risks in India, significant for human health, ecosystems, and regional economies. This study presents a multi-parametric assessment of heatwave risk across the Indian landscape during the summer season (March-June) for 2003–2021. heatwave hazard was measured with satellite-based Land Surface Temperature (LST), classified according to the India Meteorological Department’s (IMD) criteria, and vulnerability was estimated based on socio-environmental indicators such as land use and land cover, population, age-sensitive populations (children and elderly), climate indicators (temperature and precipitation of the warmest quarter), healthcare access, and economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and electrification. The results present a remarkable increase in heatwave duration, frequency, and intensity during 2010–2020, with high spatial heterogeneity across the country. Northwestern, central, eastern, and southeastern regions faced the most severe and long-duration hazards, and vulnerability was highest in densely populated and socio-economically weaker areas. The coupled hazard-vulnerability model represented Rajasthan, Vidarbha, Gujarat, and the Indo-Gangetic Plains as priority hotspots of risk, whereas the Himalaya and Western Coastal Plains as less vulnerable. This study demonstrates the potential of combining Earth observation with socio-environmental datasets for heatwave risk mapping, providing an adaptable framework for other regions. The findings offer critical insights for targeted climate adaptation strategies and evidence-based policymaking to reduce heatwave risks in India’s fast-changing socio-ecological systems.</p>

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Multi-parametric heatwave risk mapping in India using remote sensing and socio-environmental variables

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月19日

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  • Laivy Rose Augustine,
  • Kshama Gupta,
  • Arijit Roy,
  • Shailja Mamgain,
  • Bhoomika Ghale

摘要

Heatwaves are among the most severe climate-driven risks in India, significant for human health, ecosystems, and regional economies. This study presents a multi-parametric assessment of heatwave risk across the Indian landscape during the summer season (March-June) for 2003–2021. heatwave hazard was measured with satellite-based Land Surface Temperature (LST), classified according to the India Meteorological Department’s (IMD) criteria, and vulnerability was estimated based on socio-environmental indicators such as land use and land cover, population, age-sensitive populations (children and elderly), climate indicators (temperature and precipitation of the warmest quarter), healthcare access, and economic indicators such as Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and electrification. The results present a remarkable increase in heatwave duration, frequency, and intensity during 2010–2020, with high spatial heterogeneity across the country. Northwestern, central, eastern, and southeastern regions faced the most severe and long-duration hazards, and vulnerability was highest in densely populated and socio-economically weaker areas. The coupled hazard-vulnerability model represented Rajasthan, Vidarbha, Gujarat, and the Indo-Gangetic Plains as priority hotspots of risk, whereas the Himalaya and Western Coastal Plains as less vulnerable. This study demonstrates the potential of combining Earth observation with socio-environmental datasets for heatwave risk mapping, providing an adaptable framework for other regions. The findings offer critical insights for targeted climate adaptation strategies and evidence-based policymaking to reduce heatwave risks in India’s fast-changing socio-ecological systems.