Spatiotemporal patterns and evolution of tourism climate comfortable period in belt and road regions
摘要
In the context of climate change profoundly reshaping the global tourism landscape, exploring its dynamic impact on the tourism climate comfort period of important tourist destinations along the Belt and Road has become an important proposition in the research of sustainable regional tourism development. Utilizing the Tourism Comprehensive Climate Comfort Index (TCCI) and Holiday Climate Index (HCI) models at a daily scale, the research analyzes spatiotemporal patterns of tourism climate comfort across the Belt and Road region from 1980 to 2020. The research found that during this period, the overall climate comfort of regional tourism shifted towards a warmer level. The temperature and humidity index (THI) and wind chill index (WCI) showed an increasing trend from north to south and from high altitude to low altitude, while the dressing index (ICL) decreased in the opposite direction. Key findings reveal a general shift toward warmer climate classifications, with the Temperature and Humidity Index (THI) and Wind Chill Index (WCI) increasing from north to south and high to low elevations, while the Index of Clothing (ICL) exhibited an inverse trend. Both the TCCI and HCI: Urban indices indicated that approximately 40% of observed areas (TCCI: 40.02%; HCI: Urban: 39.95%) experienced significant improvements in comfort levels (p < 0.05). However, low-latitude coastal zones in Southeast Asia (SEA), South Asia (SA), and West Asia/North Africa (WA/NA) showed marked declines in climate comfort (p < 0.05). Spatially, high-value zones for cumulative comfort days clustered in low-elevation regions near 20°N–25°N and 40°N, whereas low-value zones were concentrated in equatorial tropics (within 10°N/S), high-latitude cold areas (north of 60°N), and mountainous plateaus above 3,000 m. Despite overall increases in comfort duration, extreme climate-prone regions—such as western/northeastern South Asia and northern/central Southeast Asia—faced significant reductions in comfortable days. These results provide a scientific foundation for the climate adaptability planning of tourism, seasonal product development, ecological protection in vulnerable areas, and climate risk mitigation strategies along the Belt and Road.