<p>The biennial East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) transition associated with the Tropospheric Biennial Oscillation (TBO) greatly influences the climate in East Asia, which can be largely explained by the ENSO-related ocean–atmosphere interaction. Here, we find that the response of EASM TBO to two types of ENSO exhibits different features. During the eastern Pacific (EP) ENSO, the TBO of the EASM is stronger compared to that during central Pacific (CP) ENSO, exerting significant impact on the TBO transition of the precipitation in eastern China. Such difference is closely related to the intensity differences of anomalous winds in the western North Pacific (WNP). Then we reveal that the differences in ENSO properties and the ENSO-related anomalous sea surface temperature (SST) play vital roles. In comparison to CP ENSO, the EP SST warming together with the WNP SST cooling both contribute to the stronger cyclone over the WNP in the EP ENSO developing summer. Additionally, the stronger warm SST anomalies over the North Indian Ocean and tropical North Atlantic together support the stronger WNP anticyclone in the EP ENSO decaying summer. And such SST warming is closely linked to the strong intensity and long period of EP ENSO. Therefore, these different SST anomalies related to EP ENSO provide a more supportive background for the biennial transition of the anomalous winds over the WNP, further contributing to the stronger EASM TBO response compared with CP ENSO.</p>