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<p>Urban microclimate studies have gained increasing attention in recent decades due to the growing impact of urbanization on local thermal environments and public health. This review synthesizes key findings from recent studies that analyse urban heat dynamics microclimate resilience and mitigation strategies. Long-term observational datasets reveal significant warming trends in Indian megacities with land surface temperature (LST) in Delhi rising by approximately 1.2–1.8&#xa0;°C between 2001 and 2021 while Chandigarh showed a comparatively lower increase of 0.7–1.0&#xa0;°C over the same period. Studies incorporating urban canyon experiments emphasize the influence of geometry and orientation with narrower street canyons recording up to 2.5&#xa0;°C higher daytime air temperature compared to open spaces. Similarly vegetation cover is shown to reduce surface temperature by 3–5&#xa0;°C highlighting the cooling potential of green infrastructure. Remote sensing analysesFurther demonstrate that rapid land-use changes contributed to nearly 15 –20% increase in impervious surfaces in Delhi, exacerbating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity by 1.5–2.8&#xa0;°C. Future research must integrate multivariate models, coupling microclimate parameters with hydrological and socio-economic datasets, to enhance prediction reliability and guide adaptive urban design. High-resolution monitoring, coupled with policy-oriented landscape optimization algorithms, offers a pathway toward climate-resilient urban planning, ensuring sustainable mitigation of microclimate impacts in rapidly urbanizing regions.</p>

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Reclaiming cities in India: nature-based approaches for climate-resilient urban design

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月17日

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  • Sagar Tomar,
  • Kishor S. Kulkarni

摘要

Urban microclimate studies have gained increasing attention in recent decades due to the growing impact of urbanization on local thermal environments and public health. This review synthesizes key findings from recent studies that analyse urban heat dynamics microclimate resilience and mitigation strategies. Long-term observational datasets reveal significant warming trends in Indian megacities with land surface temperature (LST) in Delhi rising by approximately 1.2–1.8 °C between 2001 and 2021 while Chandigarh showed a comparatively lower increase of 0.7–1.0 °C over the same period. Studies incorporating urban canyon experiments emphasize the influence of geometry and orientation with narrower street canyons recording up to 2.5 °C higher daytime air temperature compared to open spaces. Similarly vegetation cover is shown to reduce surface temperature by 3–5 °C highlighting the cooling potential of green infrastructure. Remote sensing analysesFurther demonstrate that rapid land-use changes contributed to nearly 15 –20% increase in impervious surfaces in Delhi, exacerbating the Urban Heat Island (UHI) intensity by 1.5–2.8 °C. Future research must integrate multivariate models, coupling microclimate parameters with hydrological and socio-economic datasets, to enhance prediction reliability and guide adaptive urban design. High-resolution monitoring, coupled with policy-oriented landscape optimization algorithms, offers a pathway toward climate-resilient urban planning, ensuring sustainable mitigation of microclimate impacts in rapidly urbanizing regions.