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<p>Thermal comfort is a cornerstone of sustainable habitat design, ensuring both physical and psychological satisfaction and well-being. Vernacular architecture, developed through years of local expertise and adaptation to climatic and cultural contexts, often surpasses modern designs in passive solar features. This study examines thermal comfort in the vernacular houses of the lower Himalayas during the winter and spring seasons. A questionnaire-based thermal comfort survey following ASHRAE 55 (2020) was conducted to evaluate their thermal performance. Thermal comfort models were developed to explore relationships between physical and physiological parameters, including the role of clothing patterns. The study establishes thermal comfort temperature ranges for three housing typologies, with a neutral temperature of 25–26&#xa0;°C during the study period. In houses with a hipped roof and bamboo ceiling, the average indoor temperature exceeded the average outdoor temperature by 1.78&#xa0;°C in winter and by 0.21&#xa0;°C in spring. In houses with a hipped roof without ceilings, the winter temperature difference from the outdoor temperature was 1.71&#xa0;°C, showing slightly less insulation compared to a hipped roof with a ceiling. In gable roof houses, the temperature difference between the average indoor and outdoor temperature was 1.57&#xa0;°C in winter, indicating that a hipped roof with a ceiling provides superior insulation. Indoor temperatures were more consistent, warmer during winter, and within moderate relative humidity ranges. By integrating traditional wisdom with modern techniques, this research quantifies the potential of vernacular approaches to enhance thermal comfort and energy efficiency in current and future housing.</p>

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Field study on thermal comfort in the mud houses of low altitude Himalayas in India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月4日

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  • Ridima Sharma,
  • Vandna Sharma

摘要

Thermal comfort is a cornerstone of sustainable habitat design, ensuring both physical and psychological satisfaction and well-being. Vernacular architecture, developed through years of local expertise and adaptation to climatic and cultural contexts, often surpasses modern designs in passive solar features. This study examines thermal comfort in the vernacular houses of the lower Himalayas during the winter and spring seasons. A questionnaire-based thermal comfort survey following ASHRAE 55 (2020) was conducted to evaluate their thermal performance. Thermal comfort models were developed to explore relationships between physical and physiological parameters, including the role of clothing patterns. The study establishes thermal comfort temperature ranges for three housing typologies, with a neutral temperature of 25–26 °C during the study period. In houses with a hipped roof and bamboo ceiling, the average indoor temperature exceeded the average outdoor temperature by 1.78 °C in winter and by 0.21 °C in spring. In houses with a hipped roof without ceilings, the winter temperature difference from the outdoor temperature was 1.71 °C, showing slightly less insulation compared to a hipped roof with a ceiling. In gable roof houses, the temperature difference between the average indoor and outdoor temperature was 1.57 °C in winter, indicating that a hipped roof with a ceiling provides superior insulation. Indoor temperatures were more consistent, warmer during winter, and within moderate relative humidity ranges. By integrating traditional wisdom with modern techniques, this research quantifies the potential of vernacular approaches to enhance thermal comfort and energy efficiency in current and future housing.