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<p>Tabriz, as one of the most significant cities in northwestern Iran, has experienced continuous growth over the past four decades. One of the most critical consequences of this urban expansion is its footprint on the regional climate. In this study, the urban sprawl of Tabriz was mapped using Landsat 5 and 8 imageries from 1985 to 2022. The influence of this expansion on regional climatic elements—including July daytime surface albedo (SAL-%), July daytime land surface temperature (LST-°C), July daytime planetary boundary layer height (PBLH-m), and July dust aerosol layer height(DALH-m) —was analyzed using ERA5 grided data. The results revealed that conversion of barren lands and vegetated lands into built-up areas, is the primary pattern of land use change in Tabriz city. From 1985 to 2022, the built-up class in Tabriz expanded by 10,040 hectares (an 86% increase), primarily through the conversion of barren lands (8,150 hectares-81%) and vegetated cover (1,890 hectares-19%). A sequential pattern of urban development’s climatic footprint was observed. This included a 22.7% decline in SAL(R2 = 0.77 <i>P</i>_value &lt; 0.01), within built-up class, accompanied by a corresponding 1.3&#xa0;°C (R2 = 0.72 <i>P</i>_value &lt; 0.01)increase in LST. Urban expansion directly (R2 = 0.34 <i>P</i>_value &lt; 0.05) and indirectly (through its impact on rising LST (R2 = 0.63 <i>P</i>_value &lt; 0.01)) lead to increased PBLH. Findings also indicated that, alongside an increase in PBLH (156&#xa0;m over 38&#xa0;years), the DALH in Tabriz rose by 217&#xa0;m over the past 18&#xa0;years.</p>

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Urban sprawl and its footprint in regional climate (Case: Tabriz city in Iran)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月4日

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  • Mansour Halimi

摘要

Tabriz, as one of the most significant cities in northwestern Iran, has experienced continuous growth over the past four decades. One of the most critical consequences of this urban expansion is its footprint on the regional climate. In this study, the urban sprawl of Tabriz was mapped using Landsat 5 and 8 imageries from 1985 to 2022. The influence of this expansion on regional climatic elements—including July daytime surface albedo (SAL-%), July daytime land surface temperature (LST-°C), July daytime planetary boundary layer height (PBLH-m), and July dust aerosol layer height(DALH-m) —was analyzed using ERA5 grided data. The results revealed that conversion of barren lands and vegetated lands into built-up areas, is the primary pattern of land use change in Tabriz city. From 1985 to 2022, the built-up class in Tabriz expanded by 10,040 hectares (an 86% increase), primarily through the conversion of barren lands (8,150 hectares-81%) and vegetated cover (1,890 hectares-19%). A sequential pattern of urban development’s climatic footprint was observed. This included a 22.7% decline in SAL(R2 = 0.77 P_value < 0.01), within built-up class, accompanied by a corresponding 1.3 °C (R2 = 0.72 P_value < 0.01)increase in LST. Urban expansion directly (R2 = 0.34 P_value < 0.05) and indirectly (through its impact on rising LST (R2 = 0.63 P_value < 0.01)) lead to increased PBLH. Findings also indicated that, alongside an increase in PBLH (156 m over 38 years), the DALH in Tabriz rose by 217 m over the past 18 years.