<p>Urbanization and terrain characteristics significantly influence precipitation and temperature patterns in mountainous regions. Despite the ongoing urban growth in these areas, the specific impacts of urbanization and topography on the urban microclimate remain poorly understood. This study investigates the specific role of these factors in altering precipitation and temperature patterns in Dehradun City, located in Doon Valley, India. The CHELSA data was selected for analyzing precipitation and temperature patterns from 1980 to 2018 due to its high spatial resolution and strong agreement with observed data.. The study area was classified into urban–rural and hilly-flat categories to examine spatial and temporal variations in precipitation and temperature, enabling a detailed examination of changes driven by urbanization and terrain. Statistical methods were employed to quantify these effects, providing a thorough understanding of their impact on the microclimate. The analysis reveals that urbanization decreased precipitation across all seasons except winter, with an annual decrease of 2.64&#xa0;mm/year (23.7%) compared to non-urban areas. However, the hilly terrain increased precipitation during the monsoon season but decreased it in other seasons, resulting in an annual increase of 0.22&#xa0;mm/year (1.54%) compared to flat regions. While urbanization generally increases temperatures, hilly terrain has a cooling effect in all seasons except winter, indicating warmer winters in hilly areas. These findings enhance our understanding of how urbanization and topography shape seasonal microclimates, offering valuable insights for urban planning and climate adaptation in mountainous regions.</p>