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<p>South Asia, one of the most climate-vulnerable regions in the world, faces significant challenges in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to rising climate risks. These risks, including extreme heat, water scarcity, and urban heat islands, disrupt critical systems like agriculture, energy, and public health. This study investigates the relationship between climate risks, resilience, and SDG performance in South Asia using panel data from 2000 to 2021 and advanced econometric methods, including spatial autocorrelation, Cointegration analysis, and panel quantile regression. Results reveal that Cooling Degree Days (CDD) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) significantly impact SDGs, with CDD exhibiting a U-shaped relationship, suggesting adaptive measures can mitigate extreme heat impacts. Conversely, LST negatively influences urban livability and productivity, highlighting the urgent need for mitigation strategies. Regional disparities are evident, as climate risks disproportionately affect lower-performing areas, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions. While Level of Water Stress (LWS) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) show limited direct impacts, they indirectly influence SDG progress through agriculture and water management pathways. Policy recommendations include investing in sustainable cooling technologies, urban greening initiatives, efficient water management, and targeted financial aid for vulnerable regions. Regional collaboration, such as a South Asia Climate Resilience Fund, can address shared vulnerabilities and accelerate SDG progress in this climate-sensitive region.</p>

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Climate risk and resilience: evaluating their impact on sustainable development in South Asia

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月17日

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  • Masud Rana

摘要

South Asia, one of the most climate-vulnerable regions in the world, faces significant challenges in achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) due to rising climate risks. These risks, including extreme heat, water scarcity, and urban heat islands, disrupt critical systems like agriculture, energy, and public health. This study investigates the relationship between climate risks, resilience, and SDG performance in South Asia using panel data from 2000 to 2021 and advanced econometric methods, including spatial autocorrelation, Cointegration analysis, and panel quantile regression. Results reveal that Cooling Degree Days (CDD) and Land Surface Temperature (LST) significantly impact SDGs, with CDD exhibiting a U-shaped relationship, suggesting adaptive measures can mitigate extreme heat impacts. Conversely, LST negatively influences urban livability and productivity, highlighting the urgent need for mitigation strategies. Regional disparities are evident, as climate risks disproportionately affect lower-performing areas, emphasizing the importance of targeted interventions. While Level of Water Stress (LWS) and Standardized Precipitation-Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) show limited direct impacts, they indirectly influence SDG progress through agriculture and water management pathways. Policy recommendations include investing in sustainable cooling technologies, urban greening initiatives, efficient water management, and targeted financial aid for vulnerable regions. Regional collaboration, such as a South Asia Climate Resilience Fund, can address shared vulnerabilities and accelerate SDG progress in this climate-sensitive region.