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<p>The occurrence of water deficit, heat stress, and high night temperatures during the critical period (CP) and the effective grain-filling (GF) period of rainfed maize crops were explored for six locations in the Northeastern subtropical region of Argentina. The selected locations represent a wide variability of rainfall and temperature regimes across the region. Simulated phenology (particularly CP and GF periods) of early-, mid-, and late-sown maize crops were used to estimate water deficit at each location using climatic datasets comprising daily records of rainfall (mm), maximum and minimum temperatures of the consecutive 50 growing seasons (1970/71 to 2019/20). The intensities of heat stress and high night temperatures during both periods were computed as the sum of air temperature (maximum or minimum, respectively) above threshold values (35&#xa0;°C–23&#xa0;°C, respectively). Principal Components Analysis was performed to explore the influence of different climatic constraints across locations and to identify the least restrictive sowing dates (SDs) for each location. Across locations, SDs, and year conditions, intensity of water deficit and heat stress during the GF period would be higher than during the CP, but the occurrence of both stresses would not be associated during the CP. During the most restrictive years, heat stress during the CP would be the main climatic constraint for maize production. Across years and locations, early and intermediate SDs would be the most restrictive for maize cultivation. The approach proposed in this paper for maize could potentially be applied to evaluate climatic constraints in other staple crops such as wheat or soybean.</p>

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Climatic constraints for rainfed maize production in the Northeastern subtropical region of Argentina

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月16日

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  • Belén Araceli Kettler,
  • Federico David Nalli Sonzogni,
  • Nicolás Neiff,
  • Sebastian Boscarino,
  • Gustavo Ángel Maddonni

摘要

The occurrence of water deficit, heat stress, and high night temperatures during the critical period (CP) and the effective grain-filling (GF) period of rainfed maize crops were explored for six locations in the Northeastern subtropical region of Argentina. The selected locations represent a wide variability of rainfall and temperature regimes across the region. Simulated phenology (particularly CP and GF periods) of early-, mid-, and late-sown maize crops were used to estimate water deficit at each location using climatic datasets comprising daily records of rainfall (mm), maximum and minimum temperatures of the consecutive 50 growing seasons (1970/71 to 2019/20). The intensities of heat stress and high night temperatures during both periods were computed as the sum of air temperature (maximum or minimum, respectively) above threshold values (35 °C–23 °C, respectively). Principal Components Analysis was performed to explore the influence of different climatic constraints across locations and to identify the least restrictive sowing dates (SDs) for each location. Across locations, SDs, and year conditions, intensity of water deficit and heat stress during the GF period would be higher than during the CP, but the occurrence of both stresses would not be associated during the CP. During the most restrictive years, heat stress during the CP would be the main climatic constraint for maize production. Across years and locations, early and intermediate SDs would be the most restrictive for maize cultivation. The approach proposed in this paper for maize could potentially be applied to evaluate climatic constraints in other staple crops such as wheat or soybean.