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<p>This study investigates the impact of rapid urbanization on land surface temperature (LST) in Madurai during the last decade. Using satellite-based thermal data from Landsat 8, land surface temperature (LST), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and changes in land use and land cover (LULC) between 2013 and 2023 are analysed in geographic information system (GIS). The results show a significant increase in LST in urban areas by 42.9&#xa0;°C, with a decrease in forest cover by 37.4&#xa0;°C and an increase in barren land by 39.9&#xa0;°C, worsening local climate conditions. A notable increase of 5&#xa0;°C in summer temperatures was observed, especially in urban areas and bare land, which is consistent with the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Population growth from 1,529,000 in 2013 to 1,834,000 in 2023 has contributed to an increase in construction activity, vehicle emissions and industrial activities with decreasing green environment, further exacerbating LST. A comparative analysis with other South Asian cities confirms similar trends. The study highlights the need for sustainable urban planning that promotes green infrastructure, eco-friendly construction and improved public transportation to mitigate the increase in LST. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers to improve Madurai’s resilience to climate change and urban heat stress.</p>

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Impacts of rapid urbanization on land surface temperature and environmental degradation in Madurai, India: a decadal analysis (2013–2023)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月25日

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  • Kongeswaran Thangaraj,
  • Sivakumar Karthikeyan,
  • Prabakaran Kulandaisamy,
  • Perumal Velmayil,
  • Venkatramanan Senapathi,
  • Muthuramalingam Rajendran,
  • Muruganantham Arumugam,
  • Bangarupriyanga Sundaram,
  • Sathish Sugumaran

摘要

This study investigates the impact of rapid urbanization on land surface temperature (LST) in Madurai during the last decade. Using satellite-based thermal data from Landsat 8, land surface temperature (LST), normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) and changes in land use and land cover (LULC) between 2013 and 2023 are analysed in geographic information system (GIS). The results show a significant increase in LST in urban areas by 42.9 °C, with a decrease in forest cover by 37.4 °C and an increase in barren land by 39.9 °C, worsening local climate conditions. A notable increase of 5 °C in summer temperatures was observed, especially in urban areas and bare land, which is consistent with the urban heat island (UHI) effect. Population growth from 1,529,000 in 2013 to 1,834,000 in 2023 has contributed to an increase in construction activity, vehicle emissions and industrial activities with decreasing green environment, further exacerbating LST. A comparative analysis with other South Asian cities confirms similar trends. The study highlights the need for sustainable urban planning that promotes green infrastructure, eco-friendly construction and improved public transportation to mitigate the increase in LST. These findings provide valuable insights for policy makers to improve Madurai’s resilience to climate change and urban heat stress.