<p>Under the influence of global warming, heat resources have improved in higher latitude areas, and the planted rice cultivars and sowing dates have also changed. These changes need to be taken into account when assessing the risk of rice chilling injury. In the present study, Jilin Province in Northeast China was taken as the case study area. Actual annual rice heading dates from 10 agrometeorological stations spanning 1981–2019 were collected to identify rice booting and heading-flowering stages for each year and station. Furthermore, the risk of sterile-type chilling injury during the two growth stages were analyzed by considering both hazard and vulnerability. The results showed that the highest frequency of chilling injury was observed in eastern regions, with frequencies of 21% and 48% at booting and heading-flowering stages, respectively. The average intensity was 0.83 ℃·d at booting stage and 5.2 ℃·d at heading-flowering stages. Consequently, the hazard at heading-flowering stage was greater than that at booting stage, and eastern areas exhibiting more severe hazard compared to western and north regions. Rice is much more vulnerable to chilling injury during the booting stage, and the yield loss caused by chilling injury at this stage may be about two times higher than that at the heading-flowering stage. Risk increased as the hazard level rises, and the increased in risk was greater at booting stage, which may be related to the higher vulnerability. The risk at heading-flowering stage was higher than that at booting stage in central and eastern regions, which may be attributed to the greater chilling hazard. According to the risk formation mechanism of each region, appropriate risk response measures can be developed to mitigate potential rice losses resulting from chilling injury.</p>