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<p>The optical depth of aerosols plays a crucial role in scientific research and environmental policies, making it possible to understand the distribution and extent of aerosols in various regions of Brazil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the estimates of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) product in Brazil against observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The study was carried out between 2003 and 2021 and covered the sites of Alta Floresta, Ji-Paraná, Rio Branco, Manaus, ATTO, São Paulo-EACH, São Paulo, Itajubá, Cuiabá, São Martinho, Petrolina and Campo Grande. Measured and estimated values were evaluated using Pearson correlation index "r", accuracy using Willmott index "d", Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Percentage Bias. Results from the CAMS product showed good agreement with AOD measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network. There was a high correlation between the data, with Willmott index "d" values close to 1 and relatively low Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Percentage Bias. CAMS successfully reproduced both the seasonal and interannual variability of AOD across the different regions analyzed in Brazil. However, significant differences were observed at some sites, such as Ji-Paraná, Rio Branco, Manaus, and ATTO, where CAMS tended to overestimate AOD values, with PBIAS reaching up to 29.19% at ATTO and 27.71% in Manaus. In Petrolina, on the other hand, there was an underestimation, with a PBIAS of -20.13%. The range of mean bias values highlights the spatial variability in CAMS performance. Variations in AOD occurred across various regions of Brazil during the years analyzed, with an increase during the dry season, mainly due to fires and human activities, and a reduction during the rainy months. The areas most affected were those near the deforestation arc in the Amazon. Aerosol concentrations were also influenced by climatic factors, such as the La Niña phenomenon in 2011, as well as agricultural, industrial, and urban activities in different regions. This variability underscores the complexity of natural and anthropogenic factors that impact air quality and emphasizes the importance of strategies to control and mitigate aerosol emissions. Overall, CAMS demonstrated satisfactory performance in estimating AOD in Brazil, providing valuable insights into aerosol concentrations, despite some limitations in specific locations.</p>

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Evaluation of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) estimated by Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) in Brazil

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月16日

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  • Altemar Lopes Pedreira Júnior,
  • Leone Francisco Amorim Curado,
  • Rafael da Silva Palácios,
  • Luiz Octávio Fabricio dos Santos,
  • Carlos Alexandre Santos Querino,
  • Juliane Kayse Albuquerque da Silva Querino,
  • Thiago Rangel Rodrigues,
  • João Basso Marques

摘要

The optical depth of aerosols plays a crucial role in scientific research and environmental policies, making it possible to understand the distribution and extent of aerosols in various regions of Brazil. The objective of this study is to evaluate the estimates of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS) product in Brazil against observations from the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The study was carried out between 2003 and 2021 and covered the sites of Alta Floresta, Ji-Paraná, Rio Branco, Manaus, ATTO, São Paulo-EACH, São Paulo, Itajubá, Cuiabá, São Martinho, Petrolina and Campo Grande. Measured and estimated values were evaluated using Pearson correlation index "r", accuracy using Willmott index "d", Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Percentage Bias. Results from the CAMS product showed good agreement with AOD measurements from the Aerosol Robotic Network. There was a high correlation between the data, with Willmott index "d" values close to 1 and relatively low Mean Squared Error, Mean Absolute Error and Percentage Bias. CAMS successfully reproduced both the seasonal and interannual variability of AOD across the different regions analyzed in Brazil. However, significant differences were observed at some sites, such as Ji-Paraná, Rio Branco, Manaus, and ATTO, where CAMS tended to overestimate AOD values, with PBIAS reaching up to 29.19% at ATTO and 27.71% in Manaus. In Petrolina, on the other hand, there was an underestimation, with a PBIAS of -20.13%. The range of mean bias values highlights the spatial variability in CAMS performance. Variations in AOD occurred across various regions of Brazil during the years analyzed, with an increase during the dry season, mainly due to fires and human activities, and a reduction during the rainy months. The areas most affected were those near the deforestation arc in the Amazon. Aerosol concentrations were also influenced by climatic factors, such as the La Niña phenomenon in 2011, as well as agricultural, industrial, and urban activities in different regions. This variability underscores the complexity of natural and anthropogenic factors that impact air quality and emphasizes the importance of strategies to control and mitigate aerosol emissions. Overall, CAMS demonstrated satisfactory performance in estimating AOD in Brazil, providing valuable insights into aerosol concentrations, despite some limitations in specific locations.