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<p>Understanding the South American Monsoon (SAM) rainy season is essential for water resources management and food security in West-Central Brazil (WCB). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of different soil moisture conditions (dry, intermediate, and wet) on precipitation during the development (September-November), maturing (December-February), and weakening (March-May) stages of the rainy season in WCB, the central core of the SAM. To achieve this objective, a number of metrics were applied to the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) data: the Temperature-Evapotranspiration Index, Terrestrial Coupling Index, Atmospheric Coupling Index, and Total Feedback Index. These metrics were employed in order to evaluate the local coupling and demand-limiting processes of evapotranspiration over WCB throughout periods of different soil moisture conditions and <i>El Niño</i>-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. The results indicate that soil moisture is the primary limiting factor of the evapotranspiration regime during the SAM development stage over WCB while atmospheric processes are more influential in subsequent stages, with land-atmosphere coupling patterns being most pronounced in years with abnormally wet and dry soils as well as during the SAM development and maturity periods over WCB. Furthermore, the analyses conducted in this study have led to the conclusion that the ENSO phases do not influence the coupling patterns initially observed across different soil conditions during the periods of the SAM wet season over central Brazil.</p>

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Land-atmosphere coupling over West-Central Brazil during South American monsoon rainy season: a diagnostic study using reanalysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年1月15日

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  • João Pedro Gonçalves Nobre,
  • Manoel Alonso Gan,
  • Éder Paulo Vendrasco,
  • Thomás Rocha Ferreira,
  • Lucas Carvalho Vieira Cavalcante

摘要

Understanding the South American Monsoon (SAM) rainy season is essential for water resources management and food security in West-Central Brazil (WCB). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the impact of different soil moisture conditions (dry, intermediate, and wet) on precipitation during the development (September-November), maturing (December-February), and weakening (March-May) stages of the rainy season in WCB, the central core of the SAM. To achieve this objective, a number of metrics were applied to the fifth generation of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts reanalysis (ERA5) data: the Temperature-Evapotranspiration Index, Terrestrial Coupling Index, Atmospheric Coupling Index, and Total Feedback Index. These metrics were employed in order to evaluate the local coupling and demand-limiting processes of evapotranspiration over WCB throughout periods of different soil moisture conditions and El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phases. The results indicate that soil moisture is the primary limiting factor of the evapotranspiration regime during the SAM development stage over WCB while atmospheric processes are more influential in subsequent stages, with land-atmosphere coupling patterns being most pronounced in years with abnormally wet and dry soils as well as during the SAM development and maturity periods over WCB. Furthermore, the analyses conducted in this study have led to the conclusion that the ENSO phases do not influence the coupling patterns initially observed across different soil conditions during the periods of the SAM wet season over central Brazil.