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<p>Fog is a complex atmospheric phenomenon that significantly affects visibility, air quality, transportation, and public health, particularly in heavily urbanized and industrial regions of China. This systematic review analyzed the application of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF–Chem) in simulating fog events in China from 2011 to 2025. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta–Analyses (PRISMA) approach, 94 peer–reviewed studies were initially identified; 20 underwent full–text assessment, and 10 met the criteria for detailed evaluation. The reviewed studies indicate that WRF-Chem is a useful tool for simulating fog events, especially when configured with schemes such as Morrison’s double-moment microphysics, Yonsei University (YSU), and Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi Niino (MYNN) boundary layer physics, and Model for Simulating Aerosol interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosol modules, which improve the representation of fog events under different meteorological and urban conditions. However, model performance remains constrained by coarse-resolution data, outdated emissions inventories, limited real–time satellite and surface observations, simplified in–cloud chemistry, and incomplete treatment of microphysical processes. Future research should prioritize enhancements to model resolution and microphysical schemes, improved integration of satellite and ground–based observations, and expanded simulations across varied fog types and climatic zones. This review synthesizes current knowledge relevant to improving fog forecasting and atmospheric modeling, with implications for environmental management and policy in fog–prone regions of China.</p>

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A comprehensive review of fog simulations over China using WRF–Chem

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月9日

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  • Awad Hussien Ahmed Mohammed,
  • Xiaolin Zhang,
  • Quan Zhang,
  • Yuanzhi Wang,
  • Yidi Sun

摘要

Fog is a complex atmospheric phenomenon that significantly affects visibility, air quality, transportation, and public health, particularly in heavily urbanized and industrial regions of China. This systematic review analyzed the application of the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF–Chem) in simulating fog events in China from 2011 to 2025. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta–Analyses (PRISMA) approach, 94 peer–reviewed studies were initially identified; 20 underwent full–text assessment, and 10 met the criteria for detailed evaluation. The reviewed studies indicate that WRF-Chem is a useful tool for simulating fog events, especially when configured with schemes such as Morrison’s double-moment microphysics, Yonsei University (YSU), and Mellor–Yamada Nakanishi Niino (MYNN) boundary layer physics, and Model for Simulating Aerosol interactions and Chemistry (MOSAIC) aerosol modules, which improve the representation of fog events under different meteorological and urban conditions. However, model performance remains constrained by coarse-resolution data, outdated emissions inventories, limited real–time satellite and surface observations, simplified in–cloud chemistry, and incomplete treatment of microphysical processes. Future research should prioritize enhancements to model resolution and microphysical schemes, improved integration of satellite and ground–based observations, and expanded simulations across varied fog types and climatic zones. This review synthesizes current knowledge relevant to improving fog forecasting and atmospheric modeling, with implications for environmental management and policy in fog–prone regions of China.