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<p>Pollutant–meteorological interaction is a key factor in understanding environmental dynamics and managing air quality effectively. In this study, we analysed the temporal variability and association between air pollutants (PM<sub>10</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, SO<sub>2</sub>, tropospheric ozone O<sub>3</sub>) and key meteorological parameters, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and UV index for a 13-year period (2011–2023) over Uttarakhand (India). The pollutants exhibited pronounced seasonal and interannual variability, strongly modulated by regional meteorology and complex Himalayan topography. To quantify the association among these variables, Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression (MLR) approaches were employed. PM<sub>10</sub> showed a moderate negative association <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:\left(p&lt;0.05\right)\:\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>with meteorological parameters, except wind speed. Conversely, O<sub>3</sub> exhibited a strong positive correlation <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\:(p&lt;0.001)\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with temperature and UV index. This pollutant response reflects the influence of seasonal and weather variation. Additionally, the MLR model demonstrates strong performance for O<sub>3</sub> explaining 80% of variance. However the model performed moderately for PM<sub>10</sub> and poorly for trace gases, indicating the dominant influence of emission sources and topography over meteorological factors. MLR and correlation analysis yielded consistent result, strengthening the reliability of the study. Overall, the study highlighted the critical influence of meteorology on pollutants behavior and emphasized the need for region-specific air quality management strategies amid climate change.</p>

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Temporal variability and meteorological influence on air pollutants in the fragile himalayan ecosystem of Uttarakhand, India

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月23日

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  • Namrata Deyal,
  • Nandan Singh Bisht

摘要

Pollutant–meteorological interaction is a key factor in understanding environmental dynamics and managing air quality effectively. In this study, we analysed the temporal variability and association between air pollutants (PM10, NO2, SO2, tropospheric ozone O3) and key meteorological parameters, including temperature, rainfall, relative humidity, wind speed and UV index for a 13-year period (2011–2023) over Uttarakhand (India). The pollutants exhibited pronounced seasonal and interannual variability, strongly modulated by regional meteorology and complex Himalayan topography. To quantify the association among these variables, Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression (MLR) approaches were employed. PM10 showed a moderate negative association \(\:\left(p<0.05\right)\:\) with meteorological parameters, except wind speed. Conversely, O3 exhibited a strong positive correlation \(\:(p<0.001)\) with temperature and UV index. This pollutant response reflects the influence of seasonal and weather variation. Additionally, the MLR model demonstrates strong performance for O3 explaining 80% of variance. However the model performed moderately for PM10 and poorly for trace gases, indicating the dominant influence of emission sources and topography over meteorological factors. MLR and correlation analysis yielded consistent result, strengthening the reliability of the study. Overall, the study highlighted the critical influence of meteorology on pollutants behavior and emphasized the need for region-specific air quality management strategies amid climate change.