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<p>The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is part of the global monsoon system and has distinct spatial and temporal characteristics. The empirical orthogonal function method is used in this work to analyze wind speeds of the SASM based on ERA-5 reanalysis data. Three primary modes are obtained, and the relationship between these modes and the global large-scale sea surf temperature system and precipitation is examined. The first mode exhibits consistent change across the northern Arabian Sea, Indian Peninsula, Bay of Bengal, and southern Indochinese Peninsula, which are primarily influenced by the Indian Ocean Basin-Wide. Over the Arabian Sea and the southern Bay of Bengal, the second mode exhibits consistent change that are mostly controlled by the Indian Ocean Dipole. The third mode displays the low-level jet (also called the Somali jet) variations&#xa0;over the Arabian Sea. These variations are intimately linked to the East Pacific ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The first and second modes highlight the SASM's considerable meridional changes, and the three modes accurately represent the temporal and spatial features of the SASM, which have varying effects on the summer precipitation in South Asia.</p>

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Spatial and temporal characteristics of South Asian summer monsoon intensity based on EOF analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年5月25日

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  • Zhang Xinming,
  • M. V. Subrahmanyam

摘要

The South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is part of the global monsoon system and has distinct spatial and temporal characteristics. The empirical orthogonal function method is used in this work to analyze wind speeds of the SASM based on ERA-5 reanalysis data. Three primary modes are obtained, and the relationship between these modes and the global large-scale sea surf temperature system and precipitation is examined. The first mode exhibits consistent change across the northern Arabian Sea, Indian Peninsula, Bay of Bengal, and southern Indochinese Peninsula, which are primarily influenced by the Indian Ocean Basin-Wide. Over the Arabian Sea and the southern Bay of Bengal, the second mode exhibits consistent change that are mostly controlled by the Indian Ocean Dipole. The third mode displays the low-level jet (also called the Somali jet) variations over the Arabian Sea. These variations are intimately linked to the East Pacific ENSO and the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. The first and second modes highlight the SASM's considerable meridional changes, and the three modes accurately represent the temporal and spatial features of the SASM, which have varying effects on the summer precipitation in South Asia.