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<p>The relationship between atherosclerosis (AS) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is complex and likely bidirectional. This study aimed to identify clinical and biological factors associated with the development of AS in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients. A total of 1718 FEDN-MDD patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data were collected, and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Positive Subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles, thyroid function and glucose metabolism. The atherogenic coefficient (AC) was calculated to estimate AS risk. Univariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression, and multiple linear regression were employed to explore the relationship between clinical factors and AC. AS was identified in 502 individuals (29.22%). Multivariate linear regression showed AC was positively associated with HAMD scores (<i>B</i> = 0.091, 95% CI 0.059–0.122, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (<i>B</i> = 0.282, 95% CI 0.247–0.318,&#xa0;<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), free triiodothyronine (FT3) (<i>B</i> = 0.101, 95% CI 0.005–0.197,&#xa0;<i>P</i> = 0.040), triglycerides (TG) (<i>B</i> = 0.340, 95% CI 0.268–0.412, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (<i>B</i> = 0.572, 95% CI 0.481–0.664, <i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), but negatively with positive subscale scores (<i>B</i> = − 0.030, 95% CI − 0.049 to − 0.011, <i>P</i> = 0.002). In FEDN-MDD patients, greater depressive severity was associated with higher AS risk, whereas more prominent positive symptoms appeared protective. TSH, FT3, TG, and LDLc levels were independently correlated with AS risk.</p>

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Atherosclerosis risk and clinical correlates in first-episode drug-naïve patients with major depressive disorder: a large-scale cross-sectional study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月19日

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  • Xiaoying Jin,
  • Chenghao Lu,
  • Nan Zhou,
  • Yuxin Han,
  • Yanzhe Li,
  • Nannan Liu,
  • Xinxu Wang,
  • Shen Li,
  • Jie Li,
  • Xiangyang Zhang

摘要

The relationship between atherosclerosis (AS) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is complex and likely bidirectional. This study aimed to identify clinical and biological factors associated with the development of AS in first-episode, drug-naïve (FEDN) MDD patients. A total of 1718 FEDN-MDD patients were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Sociodemographic data were collected, and clinical symptoms were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and the Positive Subscale of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Fasting venous blood samples were analyzed for lipid profiles, thyroid function and glucose metabolism. The atherogenic coefficient (AC) was calculated to estimate AS risk. Univariate analysis, stepwise logistic regression, and multiple linear regression were employed to explore the relationship between clinical factors and AC. AS was identified in 502 individuals (29.22%). Multivariate linear regression showed AC was positively associated with HAMD scores (B = 0.091, 95% CI 0.059–0.122, P < 0.001), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) (B = 0.282, 95% CI 0.247–0.318, P < 0.001), free triiodothyronine (FT3) (B = 0.101, 95% CI 0.005–0.197, P = 0.040), triglycerides (TG) (B = 0.340, 95% CI 0.268–0.412, P < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLc) (B = 0.572, 95% CI 0.481–0.664, P < 0.001), but negatively with positive subscale scores (B = − 0.030, 95% CI − 0.049 to − 0.011, P = 0.002). In FEDN-MDD patients, greater depressive severity was associated with higher AS risk, whereas more prominent positive symptoms appeared protective. TSH, FT3, TG, and LDLc levels were independently correlated with AS risk.