Background <p>Cryptorchidism represents the most common congenital anomaly of the male urogenital system, affecting 1–4% of term male neonates, with markedly higher incidence rates in preterm infants. Early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential to prevent long-term complications such as infertility and an increased risk of testicular cancer.</p> Objective <p>To provide an overview of current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for cryptorchidism, with particular emphasis on interdisciplinary aspects in pediatric management.</p> Results <p>Clinical examination remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, supported by ultrasonography and, in selected cases, by laparoscopic assessment. Early orchidopexy within the first year of life is considered as first-line therapy resulting in significantly improved preservation of germ cell and Leydig cell function and a&#xa0;reduced risk of malignant transformation. Hormonal therapy is only applied restrictively in accordance with current guidelines and should not delay surgical treatment. Structured postoperative follow-up into adolescence is essential for the early detection of atrophy, re-ascent, and neoplastic changes.</p> Conclusion <p>Standardized, early, and interdisciplinary management of children with cryptorchidism substantially improves long-term outcomes regarding fertility and oncologic safety. Early surgical intervention remains the key prognostic factor for optimal testicular development and long-term health.</p>