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<p>We describe <i>Oplonia doceana</i> sp. nov.&#xa0;(Acanthaceae), a new species endemic to the campos rupestres of the João Pinto Formation in the Doce River basin, within the Atlantic Forest domain of southeastern Brazil. This is the first confirmed record of <i>Oplonia</i> in Brazil, extending the genus beyond its previously known range in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, the West Indies, and Madagascar. Phylogenetic analysis based on plastid and nuclear regions supports its placement within <i>Oplonia</i>, where it is recovered as sister to <i>O. jujuyensis</i>, native to Argentina and Bolivia. Morphologically, the species differs by its erect habit, chartaceous leaves with domatia, red infundibular corolla, and unusual terminal inflorescences, which contrast with the axillary inflorescences typical of <i>Oplonia</i>. These traits suggest a potential pollination shift and highlight challenges in Graptophyllinae taxonomy, where generic boundaries remain unclear. <i>Oplonia doceana</i> is currently known from only a few locations and specialized habitats facing multiple threats, including fire, invasive species, and ongoing habitat disturbance, qualifying it as Endangered under IUCN criteria. This discovery adds to a growing list of narrowly endemic angiosperms in the region and emphasizes the João Pinto Formation as a hotspot of botanical novelty and conservation priority within the Atlantic Forest domain, underscoring the urgent need for continued taxonomic research and targeted conservation in the Doce River basin.</p>

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Oplonia doceana sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), from the Doce River basin: first record of the genus for Brazil and insights into Graptophyllinae generic delimitation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月4日

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  • Paulo Minatel Gonella,
  • Cintia Kameyama,
  • Ulisses Gonçalves Fernandes,
  • Carrie A. Kiel,
  • Eduardo P. Fernandez,
  • Guilherme Medeiros Antar

摘要

We describe Oplonia doceana sp. nov. (Acanthaceae), a new species endemic to the campos rupestres of the João Pinto Formation in the Doce River basin, within the Atlantic Forest domain of southeastern Brazil. This is the first confirmed record of Oplonia in Brazil, extending the genus beyond its previously known range in Argentina, Bolivia, Peru, the West Indies, and Madagascar. Phylogenetic analysis based on plastid and nuclear regions supports its placement within Oplonia, where it is recovered as sister to O. jujuyensis, native to Argentina and Bolivia. Morphologically, the species differs by its erect habit, chartaceous leaves with domatia, red infundibular corolla, and unusual terminal inflorescences, which contrast with the axillary inflorescences typical of Oplonia. These traits suggest a potential pollination shift and highlight challenges in Graptophyllinae taxonomy, where generic boundaries remain unclear. Oplonia doceana is currently known from only a few locations and specialized habitats facing multiple threats, including fire, invasive species, and ongoing habitat disturbance, qualifying it as Endangered under IUCN criteria. This discovery adds to a growing list of narrowly endemic angiosperms in the region and emphasizes the João Pinto Formation as a hotspot of botanical novelty and conservation priority within the Atlantic Forest domain, underscoring the urgent need for continued taxonomic research and targeted conservation in the Doce River basin.