<p>We compute the Čech homotopy groups of the <i>m</i>-dimensional infinite earring space <InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq1.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="23" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\mathbb {E}_m\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, i.e. a shrinking wedge of <i>m</i>-spheres. In particular, for all <InlineEquation ID="IEq2"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq2.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="65" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n,m\geqslant 2\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>m</mi> <mo>⩾</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>, we prove that <InlineEquation ID="IEq3"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq3.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\check{\pi }_n(\mathbb {E}_m)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">ˇ</mo> </mover> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is isomorphic to a direct sum of countable powers of homotopy groups of spheres: <InlineEquation ID="IEq4"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq4.gif" Format="GIF" Height="30" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="189" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\bigoplus _{1\leqslant j\leqslant \frac{n-1}{m-1}}\left( \pi _{n}(S^{mj-j+1})\right) ^{\mathbb {N}}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mo>⨁</mo> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>⩽</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>⩽</mo> <mfrac> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </msub> <msup> <mfenced close=")" open="("> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msup> <mi>S</mi> <mrow> <mi>m</mi> <mi>j</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mi>j</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mfenced> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">N</mi> </msup> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. Equipped with this isomorphism and infinite-sum algebra, we also construct new elements of <InlineEquation ID="IEq5"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq5.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="52" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\pi _n(\mathbb {E}_m)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> with a view toward characterizing the image of the canonical homomorphism <InlineEquation ID="IEq6"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq6.gif" Format="GIF" Height="19" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="162" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Psi _{n}:\pi _n(\mathbb {E}_m)\rightarrow \check{\pi }_{n}(\mathbb {E}_m)\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mo>:</mo> <msub> <mi>π</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> <mo stretchy="false">→</mo> <msub> <mover accent="true"> <mi>π</mi> <mo stretchy="false">ˇ</mo> </mover> <mi>n</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <msub> <mi mathvariant="double-struck">E</mi> <mi>m</mi> </msub> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>. We prove that <InlineEquation ID="IEq7"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq7.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Psi _{n}\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> is a split epimorphism when <InlineEquation ID="IEq8"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq8.gif" Format="GIF" Height="15" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n\leqslant 2m-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>⩽</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> and we identify a candidate for the image of <InlineEquation ID="IEq9"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq9.gif" Format="GIF" Height="16" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="22" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(\Psi _n\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <msub> <mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi> <mi>n</mi> </msub> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation> when <InlineEquation ID="IEq10"> <InlineMediaObject> <ImageObject Color="BlackWhite" FileRef="605_2025_2120_Article_IEq10.gif" Format="GIF" Height="14" Rendition="HTML" Resolution="72" Type="Linedraw" Width="86" /> </InlineMediaObject> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(n&gt;2m-1\)</EquationSource> <EquationSource Format="MATHML"><math> <mrow> <mi>n</mi> <mo>&gt;</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>m</mi> <mo>-</mo> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </math></EquationSource> </InlineEquation>.</p>

错误:搜索内容不能为空,请输入英文关键词
错误:关键词超出字数限制,请精简
高级检索

The Čech homotopy groups of a shrinking wedge of spheres

  • Jeremy Brazas

摘要

We compute the Čech homotopy groups of the m-dimensional infinite earring space \(\mathbb {E}_m\) E m , i.e. a shrinking wedge of m-spheres. In particular, for all \(n,m\geqslant 2\) n , m 2 , we prove that \(\check{\pi }_n(\mathbb {E}_m)\) π ˇ n ( E m ) is isomorphic to a direct sum of countable powers of homotopy groups of spheres: \(\bigoplus _{1\leqslant j\leqslant \frac{n-1}{m-1}}\left( \pi _{n}(S^{mj-j+1})\right) ^{\mathbb {N}}\) 1 j n - 1 m - 1 π n ( S m j - j + 1 ) N . Equipped with this isomorphism and infinite-sum algebra, we also construct new elements of \(\pi _n(\mathbb {E}_m)\) π n ( E m ) with a view toward characterizing the image of the canonical homomorphism \(\Psi _{n}:\pi _n(\mathbb {E}_m)\rightarrow \check{\pi }_{n}(\mathbb {E}_m)\) Ψ n : π n ( E m ) π ˇ n ( E m ) . We prove that \(\Psi _{n}\) Ψ n is a split epimorphism when \(n\leqslant 2m-1\) n 2 m - 1 and we identify a candidate for the image of \(\Psi _n\) Ψ n when \(n>2m-1\) n > 2 m - 1 .