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<p>A dual-mode sensing platform has been developed for ultrasensitive malathion (MAT) detection based on bifunctional rGO@ZnO/Zn-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> composites (reduced graphene oxide-supported ZnO nanorods and Zn-doped Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> microspheres). The rGO@ZnO/Zn-Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> nanozyme is fabricated via a one-pot hydrothermal strategy and integrates favorable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission and intrinsic peroxidase-mimicking activity to realize dual-signal readout. In the K<sub>2</sub>S<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> ECL system, Au NPs@UiO-66 serves as a coreactant booster to further magnify the ECL intensity of the composite. Meanwhile, the nanozyme catalyzes the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-mediated oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a colorimetric response. MAT suppresses both ECL and colorimetric responses by occupying Fe<sup>2+</sup>/Fe<sup>3+</sup> catalytic sites and scavenging of reactive radicals. The sensor achieves limits of detection as low as 2.8 × 10<sup>–13</sup>&#xa0;mol/L under ECL mode and 1.32 × 10<sup>–6</sup>&#xa0;mol/L under colorimetric mode. In practical testing of MAT-spiked vegetable samples, the sensor exhibits acceptable recoveries and low relative standard deviations, demonstrating its practicability for field food safety supervision and rapid pesticide residue screening.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Dual-mode electrochemiluminescence and colorimetric detection of malathion based on a bifunctional rGO@ZnO/Zn-Fe3O4 nanozyme

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月4日

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  • Wenzhuo Wang,
  • Juan Lu,
  • Hanyue Jiang,
  • Pengfei Han,
  • Guangping Ma,
  • Ruixin Li,
  • Huiyuan Mao,
  • Tengying Ma,
  • Jing Wang,
  • Ruizhan Chen,
  • Li Tian

摘要

A dual-mode sensing platform has been developed for ultrasensitive malathion (MAT) detection based on bifunctional rGO@ZnO/Zn-Fe3O4 composites (reduced graphene oxide-supported ZnO nanorods and Zn-doped Fe3O4 microspheres). The rGO@ZnO/Zn-Fe3O4 nanozyme is fabricated via a one-pot hydrothermal strategy and integrates favorable electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emission and intrinsic peroxidase-mimicking activity to realize dual-signal readout. In the K2S2O8 ECL system, Au NPs@UiO-66 serves as a coreactant booster to further magnify the ECL intensity of the composite. Meanwhile, the nanozyme catalyzes the H2O2-mediated oxidation of 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce a colorimetric response. MAT suppresses both ECL and colorimetric responses by occupying Fe2+/Fe3+ catalytic sites and scavenging of reactive radicals. The sensor achieves limits of detection as low as 2.8 × 10–13 mol/L under ECL mode and 1.32 × 10–6 mol/L under colorimetric mode. In practical testing of MAT-spiked vegetable samples, the sensor exhibits acceptable recoveries and low relative standard deviations, demonstrating its practicability for field food safety supervision and rapid pesticide residue screening.

Graphical abstract