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<p>We report a flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) gas sensor based on nitro-functionalized graphene operated at a moderate temperature of 150&#xa0;°C. Nitro-containing functional groups were introduced onto CVD-grown graphene films through diazonium chemistry, and the resulting chemical modification was supported by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitro-functionalized graphene sensor exhibited an enhanced response to low-concentration NO<sub>2</sub> compared to pristine graphene under the tested conditions. This improvement is attributed to the electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro-functionalized surface, which promotes p-type behavior and facilitates charge-transfer interactions with NO<sub>2</sub> molecules. The sensor also showed stable operation under repeated gas exposure and mechanical bending, indicating its potential for flexible NO<sub>2</sub> sensing platforms. These results suggest that chemical functionalization of graphene is an effective strategy for improving the sensing performance of flexible graphene-based NO<sub>2</sub> sensors.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Highly sensitive and flexible NO2 gas sensor based on nitro-functionalized graphene film

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年8月5日

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  • Dong Geon Jung,
  • Dong Hyuk Jeong,
  • Seong Ho Kong,
  • Daewoong Jung

摘要

We report a flexible nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gas sensor based on nitro-functionalized graphene operated at a moderate temperature of 150 °C. Nitro-containing functional groups were introduced onto CVD-grown graphene films through diazonium chemistry, and the resulting chemical modification was supported by Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The nitro-functionalized graphene sensor exhibited an enhanced response to low-concentration NO2 compared to pristine graphene under the tested conditions. This improvement is attributed to the electron-withdrawing nature of the nitro-functionalized surface, which promotes p-type behavior and facilitates charge-transfer interactions with NO2 molecules. The sensor also showed stable operation under repeated gas exposure and mechanical bending, indicating its potential for flexible NO2 sensing platforms. These results suggest that chemical functionalization of graphene is an effective strategy for improving the sensing performance of flexible graphene-based NO2 sensors.

Graphical abstract