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<p>Nitrogen/sulphur co-doped carbon dots (N/S-CDs) were synthesised on turmeric processing residue using a hydrothermal procedure. These carbon dots were subsequently analysed as antibacterial nanoparticles and as versatile carbon dots that could be used in fluorescent sensing. A fluorescent sensing platform was designed by utilising the inner filter effect (IFE) to detect doxycycline, which is characterised by an efficient spectral overlap with the excitation/emission bands of N/S-CDs. A high sensing response rate and a LOD at 0.131 µM of ions was identified within a linear response range of 0.5–50 µM. The platform exhibited satisfactory stability in a diverse range of solvents, temperatures, and pH levels, as well as a high tolerance to ionic strength. Selectivity was attained with respect to metal ions and common antibiotics. The method was found to be practical, with exceptional recoveries (98.5–99.3) and low RSD values (1.28–1.74), as evidenced by the actual sample analysis of river, lake, and pond water. Furthermore, it offers the added benefit of nanomaterials that are derived from biomass for biomedical and environmental applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Green-synthesized N/S co-doped carbon dots for inner filter effect-based fluorescent detection of doxycycline with antibacterial activity

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月23日

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  • Yanhui Li,
  • Yongfang Wei,
  • Xueqi Liao

摘要

Nitrogen/sulphur co-doped carbon dots (N/S-CDs) were synthesised on turmeric processing residue using a hydrothermal procedure. These carbon dots were subsequently analysed as antibacterial nanoparticles and as versatile carbon dots that could be used in fluorescent sensing. A fluorescent sensing platform was designed by utilising the inner filter effect (IFE) to detect doxycycline, which is characterised by an efficient spectral overlap with the excitation/emission bands of N/S-CDs. A high sensing response rate and a LOD at 0.131 µM of ions was identified within a linear response range of 0.5–50 µM. The platform exhibited satisfactory stability in a diverse range of solvents, temperatures, and pH levels, as well as a high tolerance to ionic strength. Selectivity was attained with respect to metal ions and common antibiotics. The method was found to be practical, with exceptional recoveries (98.5–99.3) and low RSD values (1.28–1.74), as evidenced by the actual sample analysis of river, lake, and pond water. Furthermore, it offers the added benefit of nanomaterials that are derived from biomass for biomedical and environmental applications.

Graphical abstract