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<p>Metal nanoclusters have emerged as promising fluorescence nanomaterials, yet their practical sensing applications remain constrained by limited stability and suboptimal luminescence efficiency. We report a strategically designed nanocomposite, chitosan/silica-encapsulated gold nanoclusters (Au NCs/CSNPs), which integrates three functional components into the fluorescence sensing platform. Unlike conventional encapsulation strategies that merely serve as protective shells, our chitosan-functionalized silica matrix achieves multiple synergistic functions, where rigid confinement enhances quantum yield and photostability, chitosan-induced improvement analyte accessibility, and the tailored composite microenvironment enables analyte-specific response modulation. Remarkably, Au NCs/CSNPs exhibit opposite fluorescence responses toward two distinct contaminants, with enhancement for 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) and quenching for fluazinam (Flu), enabling selective detection with low limits of detection of 52.2 nM for 2-NA and 45.7 nM for Flu. Mechanistic studies reveal that this dual-response behavior originates from distinct pathways including excited-state rigidification for 2-NA versus static quenching coupled with the inner filter effect for Flu. The sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity and practical applicability in environmental and food matrices. This work establishes a new paradigm for nanocluster-based sensors where the encapsulating matrix is not merely protective but functionally integrated to achieve tunable multi-analyte sensing capabilities.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Chitosan/SiO2-encapsulated gold nanoclusters as a dual-signal fluorescence sensor for sensitive detection of 2-nitroaniline and fluazinam in environmental and food samples

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月10日

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  • Jinrong Song,
  • Junyu Chen,
  • Rui Tian,
  • Haoyu Li,
  • Wanqiao Bai,
  • Hua Yang,
  • Xuehua Sun

摘要

Metal nanoclusters have emerged as promising fluorescence nanomaterials, yet their practical sensing applications remain constrained by limited stability and suboptimal luminescence efficiency. We report a strategically designed nanocomposite, chitosan/silica-encapsulated gold nanoclusters (Au NCs/CSNPs), which integrates three functional components into the fluorescence sensing platform. Unlike conventional encapsulation strategies that merely serve as protective shells, our chitosan-functionalized silica matrix achieves multiple synergistic functions, where rigid confinement enhances quantum yield and photostability, chitosan-induced improvement analyte accessibility, and the tailored composite microenvironment enables analyte-specific response modulation. Remarkably, Au NCs/CSNPs exhibit opposite fluorescence responses toward two distinct contaminants, with enhancement for 2-nitroaniline (2-NA) and quenching for fluazinam (Flu), enabling selective detection with low limits of detection of 52.2 nM for 2-NA and 45.7 nM for Flu. Mechanistic studies reveal that this dual-response behavior originates from distinct pathways including excited-state rigidification for 2-NA versus static quenching coupled with the inner filter effect for Flu. The sensor demonstrates excellent selectivity and practical applicability in environmental and food matrices. This work establishes a new paradigm for nanocluster-based sensors where the encapsulating matrix is not merely protective but functionally integrated to achieve tunable multi-analyte sensing capabilities.

Graphical abstract