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<p>A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor based on high-entropy sulfide (CdZnMnCrCo)<sub>x</sub>S for ultrasensitive ampicillin (AMP) detection has been developed. The sulfide, synthesized by a simple one-pot solvothermal method, featured abundant heterointerfaces and rich grain boundaries, which enhanced charge separation/transport, amplifying the PEC signals. Integrated with methylene blue (MB, as a photosensitizer) and exonuclease Exo-1-mediated recycling, the sensor achieved a broad linear range (0.1–1×10<sup>6</sup> pg mL<sup>-1</sup>) and a low detection limit (0.09 pg mL<sup>-1</sup>) with strong anti-interference characteristic. Spike-recovery tests on actual water samples at 10 and 50 pg mL<sup>-1</sup> produced excellent recoveries of 97.4–103.8%. This work highlights the high-entropy sulfide’s potential as versatile sensing platforms for advancing PEC-based environmental monitoring. Future research will integrate multiplexed aptamer arrays with flexible printable electrodes for on-site detection in medical wastewater.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Multi-interface high-entropy sulfide combining with methylene blue sensitization and cyclic enzymatic cleavage amplification for highly sensitive ampicillin detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月24日

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  • Yi-Hong Chen,
  • Limei Liu,
  • Ai-Jun Wang,
  • Jiu-Ju Feng,
  • Tuck Yun Cheang

摘要

A novel photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor based on high-entropy sulfide (CdZnMnCrCo)xS for ultrasensitive ampicillin (AMP) detection has been developed. The sulfide, synthesized by a simple one-pot solvothermal method, featured abundant heterointerfaces and rich grain boundaries, which enhanced charge separation/transport, amplifying the PEC signals. Integrated with methylene blue (MB, as a photosensitizer) and exonuclease Exo-1-mediated recycling, the sensor achieved a broad linear range (0.1–1×106 pg mL-1) and a low detection limit (0.09 pg mL-1) with strong anti-interference characteristic. Spike-recovery tests on actual water samples at 10 and 50 pg mL-1 produced excellent recoveries of 97.4–103.8%. This work highlights the high-entropy sulfide’s potential as versatile sensing platforms for advancing PEC-based environmental monitoring. Future research will integrate multiplexed aptamer arrays with flexible printable electrodes for on-site detection in medical wastewater.

Graphical Abstract