<p>The accelerated evolution of sweat sensing technology is driving a paradigm shift in athletic health monitoring, transitioning from invasive, intermittent methods toward in situ, continuous, non-invasive tracking. This review focuses on the applications of sweat sensors in sports health: systematically dissecting the correlation between sweat biomarkers and exercise status, highlighting the detection principles of wearable sweat sensors and their research progress in recreational sports, elite athletics, and rehabilitative exercise, and exploring current technical challenges and future prospects in areas such as advanced material development, multimodal integration, and AI-driven early warning systems. This review aims to accelerate the translational application of sweat sensing in personalized sports management and provide a theoretical foundation for constructing an integrated intelligent health ecosystem featuring closed-loop monitoring-analysis-intervention.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>