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<p> A&#xa0;3D-printed customizable MagnetoChip platform is introduced featuring Wi-Fi communication with a smartphone-controlled magnetic particle manipulation system integrated with a single-use capillary-driven microfluidic chip. This platform enables the colorimetric detection of luteinizing hormone (LH), a potential marker in sports doping. The system employs a sandwich immunoassay approach, where gold nanoparticles functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and antibodies are used to capture and detect LH. 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) dye was also used as a colorimetric substrate. Magnetic particles were employed for analyte enrichment, and their movement inside the microfluidic chip was remotely controlled via Raspberry Pi Pico with a stepper motor. Image processing optimizations were performed using ImageJ. The code was then embedded in Python for automation, and the user interface was created with a graphical user interface (GUI). The colorimetric outputs were analyzed using Red-Green-Blue (RGB) analysis, and the results demonstrated a strong correlation with analyte concentration, with a regression coefficient (R²) of 0.9975. The method was validated through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) measurement of the reaction result, while the sandwich immunoassay complex was confirmed with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Our developed platform offers a promising, user-friendly tool for rapid and accurate bioanalyte detection, with potential applications in sports doping control, clinical diagnostics, and point-of-care testing.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Smartphone assisted colorimetric detection of luteinizing hormone in 3D-printed remote automated magnetic particle-driven system with microchamber arrays

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月13日

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  • Emine Yıldırım,
  • Tugba Tezcan,
  • Erdem Bayraktar,
  • Ender Yıldırım,
  • Ugur Tamer

摘要

A 3D-printed customizable MagnetoChip platform is introduced featuring Wi-Fi communication with a smartphone-controlled magnetic particle manipulation system integrated with a single-use capillary-driven microfluidic chip. This platform enables the colorimetric detection of luteinizing hormone (LH), a potential marker in sports doping. The system employs a sandwich immunoassay approach, where gold nanoparticles functionalized with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme and antibodies are used to capture and detect LH. 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) dye was also used as a colorimetric substrate. Magnetic particles were employed for analyte enrichment, and their movement inside the microfluidic chip was remotely controlled via Raspberry Pi Pico with a stepper motor. Image processing optimizations were performed using ImageJ. The code was then embedded in Python for automation, and the user interface was created with a graphical user interface (GUI). The colorimetric outputs were analyzed using Red-Green-Blue (RGB) analysis, and the results demonstrated a strong correlation with analyte concentration, with a regression coefficient (R²) of 0.9975. The method was validated through ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) measurement of the reaction result, while the sandwich immunoassay complex was confirmed with Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS). Our developed platform offers a promising, user-friendly tool for rapid and accurate bioanalyte detection, with potential applications in sports doping control, clinical diagnostics, and point-of-care testing.

Graphical abstract