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<p>Conventional solution-based fluorescent probes are often constrained in practical application by insufficient portability and a reliance on complex instrumentation. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a portable, hydrogel-based ratiometric sensor integrated with a smartphone readout platform for the visual, on-site detection of Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺. The sensor was synthesized by co-embedding blue-emissive MoS₂ quantum dots (QDs) and red-emissive CdTe QDs@SiO₂ nanoparticles within a gelatin/glycerol hydrogel matrix. Upon exposure to Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺, the sensor exhibits a distinct colorimetric transition from blue to red, which is quantitatively captured and detected using a smartphone color analysis application. This method achieves a detection limit as low as 33.2&#xa0;nM and demonstrates excellent long-term stability (32&#xa0;days). The sensor’s practicality was validated through the analysis of environmental water samples, yielding high accuracy and reproducibility. This work establishes a novel, portable, and instrument-free ratiometric hydrogel sensor strategy, leveraging smartphone technology for effective on-site Cu<sup>2</sup>⁺ monitoring in water resources.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Field-deployable ratiometric fluorescent hydrogel sensor based on MoS2QDs/CdTe@SiO2 for smartphone-enabled visual Cu2+ monitoring

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月1日

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  • Fengyi Wu,
  • Xiaodong Wang,
  • Yefeng Liu,
  • Rong Wu,
  • Yaqiong Kong,
  • Jiliang Yang,
  • Peng Zuo,
  • Xianwen Wei

摘要

Conventional solution-based fluorescent probes are often constrained in practical application by insufficient portability and a reliance on complex instrumentation. To overcome these limitations, this study developed a portable, hydrogel-based ratiometric sensor integrated with a smartphone readout platform for the visual, on-site detection of Cu2⁺. The sensor was synthesized by co-embedding blue-emissive MoS₂ quantum dots (QDs) and red-emissive CdTe QDs@SiO₂ nanoparticles within a gelatin/glycerol hydrogel matrix. Upon exposure to Cu2⁺, the sensor exhibits a distinct colorimetric transition from blue to red, which is quantitatively captured and detected using a smartphone color analysis application. This method achieves a detection limit as low as 33.2 nM and demonstrates excellent long-term stability (32 days). The sensor’s practicality was validated through the analysis of environmental water samples, yielding high accuracy and reproducibility. This work establishes a novel, portable, and instrument-free ratiometric hydrogel sensor strategy, leveraging smartphone technology for effective on-site Cu2⁺ monitoring in water resources.

Graphical Abstract