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<p>The&#xa0;design and synthesis of Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PDA@poly(AA-co-EGDMA) nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) material for efficient enrichment and detection of synthetic cannabinoids&#xa0;(SCs) of various structures in large-volume wastewater&#xa0;is reported. The Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>@PDA@poly(AA-co-EGDMA) NPs were synthesized via a two-step process involving dopamine polymerization and functionalization with poly(acrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) polymers, providing hydrophobic and acidic functional groups for enhanced analyte adsorption. An MSPE-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and optimized for the detection of 24 SCs in wastewater. The method exhibited excellent analytical performance with good linearity (<i>R</i> &gt; 0.99), low limits of quantification (LOQ, 0.02–0.1&#xa0;ng/L), and good precision with recoveries ranging from 50.20 to 92.72%. The method is capable of reliably analyzing trace SCs in large volume samples (300&#xa0;mL and 1 L). This study introduces a simple, rapid, and cost-effective MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS approach for detecting SCs in complex environmental samples. The proposed method offers significant potential for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) applications, providing a valuable tool for monitoring drug use trends, public health surveillance, and regulatory enforcement.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Ultra-high sensitive MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS method based on magnetic nanoparticles for the detection of synthetic cannabinoids in wastewater

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月24日

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  • Kexin Xie,
  • Chunfeng Wang,
  • Ningjia Pang,
  • Yanan Cheng,
  • Mengyi Chen,
  • Taotao Mu,
  • Deli Xiao,
  • Bin Di

摘要

The design and synthesis of Fe3O4@PDA@poly(AA-co-EGDMA) nanoparticles (NPs) as a novel magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) material for efficient enrichment and detection of synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) of various structures in large-volume wastewater is reported. The Fe3O4@PDA@poly(AA-co-EGDMA) NPs were synthesized via a two-step process involving dopamine polymerization and functionalization with poly(acrylic acid-co-ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) polymers, providing hydrophobic and acidic functional groups for enhanced analyte adsorption. An MSPE-ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method was developed and optimized for the detection of 24 SCs in wastewater. The method exhibited excellent analytical performance with good linearity (R > 0.99), low limits of quantification (LOQ, 0.02–0.1 ng/L), and good precision with recoveries ranging from 50.20 to 92.72%. The method is capable of reliably analyzing trace SCs in large volume samples (300 mL and 1 L). This study introduces a simple, rapid, and cost-effective MSPE-UPLC-MS/MS approach for detecting SCs in complex environmental samples. The proposed method offers significant potential for wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) applications, providing a valuable tool for monitoring drug use trends, public health surveillance, and regulatory enforcement.

Graphical Abstract