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<p>A newly designed and highly effective cascade difunctional nanozyme, AuPt@CeVO<sub>4</sub>, has been developed to function as a microfluidic photoelectrochemical (PEC) signal label, enabling the highly sensitive identification of bioproteins. This study utilized Z-scheme CuI/BiOI photoactive nanocomposites by applying CuI onto the BiOI nanoarray’s surface, which serves as a sensor matrix to obtain an improved and stable photocurrent. The nanoarray arrangement in BiOI greatly improves the consistency and durability of the sensing platform. In contrast, the CuI/BiOI Z-scheme heterojunctions markedly enhance the photocurrent by efficiently separating the light-generated electron–hole pairs, which subsequently elevates the rate of·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup> generation. To enhance detection sensitivity, a cascade catalysis strategy employing the AuPt@CeVO<sub>4</sub> nanozyme has been reported to achieve PEC signal amplification. At first, the CeVO<sub>4</sub> demonstrates activity similar to superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like), facilitating the breakdown of superoxide radicals (·O<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>) into O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. Following this, the produced H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> undergoes additional catalysis by AuPt enzymes exhibiting peroxidase-like (POD-like) properties, resulting in the formation of O<sub>2</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O. In the end, the generated O<sub>2</sub> partially dissolves in the electrolyte, serving as an efficient electron acceptor for enhancing the separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs, thus completing the enhancement of the PEC signal for the biosensor. Consequently, the proposed biosensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and excellent reproducibility, exhibiting extensive linear ranges between 0.01&#xa0;pg/mL and 100&#xa0;ng/mL, coupled with a minimum detection threshold of 0.0046&#xa0;pg/mL for the identification of the small cell lung cancer biomarker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE).</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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A novel AuPt@CeVO4 bifunctional nanozyme with strong cascade SOD/POD-like catalytic activity enhances microfluidic photoelectrochemical signal amplification for ultrasensitive neuron-specific enolase detection

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年7月23日

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  • Ning Li,
  • Wenli Jiang,
  • Yifan Chen,
  • Xiaojian Li,
  • Jingui Chen,
  • Tiantong Liu,
  • Jinhui Feng,
  • Xinyue Song,
  • Qin Wei

摘要

A newly designed and highly effective cascade difunctional nanozyme, AuPt@CeVO4, has been developed to function as a microfluidic photoelectrochemical (PEC) signal label, enabling the highly sensitive identification of bioproteins. This study utilized Z-scheme CuI/BiOI photoactive nanocomposites by applying CuI onto the BiOI nanoarray’s surface, which serves as a sensor matrix to obtain an improved and stable photocurrent. The nanoarray arrangement in BiOI greatly improves the consistency and durability of the sensing platform. In contrast, the CuI/BiOI Z-scheme heterojunctions markedly enhance the photocurrent by efficiently separating the light-generated electron–hole pairs, which subsequently elevates the rate of·O2− generation. To enhance detection sensitivity, a cascade catalysis strategy employing the AuPt@CeVO4 nanozyme has been reported to achieve PEC signal amplification. At first, the CeVO4 demonstrates activity similar to superoxide dismutase-like (SOD-like), facilitating the breakdown of superoxide radicals (·O2−) into O2 and H2O2. Following this, the produced H2O2 undergoes additional catalysis by AuPt enzymes exhibiting peroxidase-like (POD-like) properties, resulting in the formation of O2 and H2O. In the end, the generated O2 partially dissolves in the electrolyte, serving as an efficient electron acceptor for enhancing the separation efficiency of electron–hole pairs, thus completing the enhancement of the PEC signal for the biosensor. Consequently, the proposed biosensor demonstrates exceptional sensitivity and excellent reproducibility, exhibiting extensive linear ranges between 0.01 pg/mL and 100 ng/mL, coupled with a minimum detection threshold of 0.0046 pg/mL for the identification of the small cell lung cancer biomarker, neuron-specific enolase (NSE).

Graphical abstract