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<p>An&#xa0;ultrasensitive and reliable electrochemical scaffold&#xa0;was designed&#xa0;for the individual and simultaneous measurement of morphine (Mor) and tramadol (Trm) addictive and illegal drugs, utilizing a cost-effective and flexible carbon felt electrode modified with double-layer poly-taurine/poly-L-glutamic acid (P(Tau)/P(Glu)/CF). It is worth noting that drugs have now become a part of daily life in all societies, and the consumption of tranquilizers and opiates such as Mor and Trm has also increased. Given the frequent co-use of Mor and Trm, accurate and reliable methods for their simultaneous measurement are crucial. Simultaneous diagnostics make the determination&#xa0;more efficient and cost-effective by reducing the need for multiple sensors. Surface modification of CFE was carried out by a green approach, facile and straightforward route by layer-by-layer electropolymerization, forming a thin polymeric film with abundant functional groups responsible for anchoring narcotic drugs. The P(Tau)/P(Glu)/CFE composite showed an exceptionally high rate of active site exposure and proper electrochemical activity, attributed to the synergistic effects of the constituent materials. P(Tau)/P(Glu)/CFE was successfully used to detect saliva, urine, plasma, and body sweat samples with satisfactory recoveries.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Poly-taurine/poly-L-glutamic acid double-layer coating as potential candidates for surface modification of carbon felt electrode for discrimination and simultaneous detection of morphine and tramadol

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月24日

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  • Seyed Ali Akbar Sajadi,
  • Zeynab Khorablou

摘要

An ultrasensitive and reliable electrochemical scaffold was designed for the individual and simultaneous measurement of morphine (Mor) and tramadol (Trm) addictive and illegal drugs, utilizing a cost-effective and flexible carbon felt electrode modified with double-layer poly-taurine/poly-L-glutamic acid (P(Tau)/P(Glu)/CF). It is worth noting that drugs have now become a part of daily life in all societies, and the consumption of tranquilizers and opiates such as Mor and Trm has also increased. Given the frequent co-use of Mor and Trm, accurate and reliable methods for their simultaneous measurement are crucial. Simultaneous diagnostics make the determination more efficient and cost-effective by reducing the need for multiple sensors. Surface modification of CFE was carried out by a green approach, facile and straightforward route by layer-by-layer electropolymerization, forming a thin polymeric film with abundant functional groups responsible for anchoring narcotic drugs. The P(Tau)/P(Glu)/CFE composite showed an exceptionally high rate of active site exposure and proper electrochemical activity, attributed to the synergistic effects of the constituent materials. P(Tau)/P(Glu)/CFE was successfully used to detect saliva, urine, plasma, and body sweat samples with satisfactory recoveries.

Graphical Abstract