A new three-dimensional (3D) molecularly imprinted polymer fluoroprobe based on green–red dual-emission signals of carbon quantum dots and self-polymerization of dopamine (CDs@PDA-MIPs) for sensitive detection of nifedipine

Nifedipine (NIF), as one of the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers, is widely used in the treatment of hypertension. However, misuse or ingestion of NIF can result in serious health issues such as myocardial infarction, arrhythmia, stroke, and even death. It is essential to design a reliable and sensitive detection method to monitor NIF. In this work, an innovative molecularly imprinted polymer dual-emission fluorescent sensor (CDs@PDA-MIPs) strategy was successfully designed for sensitive detection of NIF. The fluorescent intensity of the probe decreased with increasing NIF concentration, showing a satisfactory linear relationship within the range 1.0 × 10⁻⁶ M ~ 5.0 × 10⁻³ M. The LOD of NIF was 9.38 × 10⁻⁷ M (S/N = 3) in fluorescence detection. The application of the CDs@PDA-MIPs in actual samples such as urine and Qiangli Dingxuan tablets has been verified, with recovery ranging from 97.8 to 102.8% for NIF. Therefore, the fluorescent probe demonstrates great potential as a sensing system for detecting NIF.