Fe₃O₄@nitrogen-doped carbon core-double shell nanotubes as a novel and efficient nanosorbent for ultrasonic assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction of heterocyclic pesticides from environmental soil and water samples

Fe₃O₄@nitrogen-doped carbon core-double shell nanotubes (Fe₃O₄@N-C C-DSNTs) were successfully synthesized and applied as a novel nanosorbent in ultrasonic assisted dispersive magnetic solid phase extraction (UA-DMSPE) of tribenuron-methyl, fenpyroximate, and iprodione. Subsequently, corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry (CD-IMS) was employed for the detection of the extracted analytes. Effective parameters on the extraction recovery percentage (ER%) were systematically investigated and optimized. Under optimal conditions, UA-DMSPE-CD-IMS demonstrated remarkable linearity in different ranges within 1.0 – 700 ng mL⁻¹ with correlation coefficients exceeding 0.993, repeatability values below 6.9%, limits of detection ranging from 0.30 to 0.90 ng mL⁻¹, high preconcentration factors (418 - 435), and ER% values (83 – 87%). The potential of the proposed method was further demonstrated by effectively determining the targeted pesticides in various environmental soil and water samples, exhibiting relative recoveries in the range 92.1 – 102%.