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<p>The natural geological structural planes within a rock mass represent potential destabilizing factors. Under the influence of mining and engineering activities, these structural planes are prone to instability, potentially leading to geological disasters such as landslides and fault dislocations. Detecting sliding in structural surfaces would greatly mitigate casualties and property losses. This paper proposes a novel method for monitoring the activity of structural rock masses. A bolt is installed across the structural plane between two rock masses, with both ends anchored, and the tensile load at the ends is monitored. When relative movement occurs between the two rock masses, the bolt is subjected to shear, inducing a tensile load that is transferred to its anchored ends. A series of accelerated shear tests were conducted using a high-performance quasi-NPR bolt to simulate the accelerated shear behavior associated with rock mass activity. The results indicate that the mechanical behavior of both the rock and the bolt exhibits a significant dependence on shear acceleration. Moreover, the axial force response of the bolt effectively reflects the damage state of the rock. At a shear acceleration of 0.001&#xa0;mm/s<sup>2</sup>, the rock develops large cracks while the bolt undergoes minor plastic deformation. A drop abruptly but remains non-zero in the axial force of the bolt occurs at rock fracture. At 0.005&#xa0;mm/s<sup>2</sup>, both the bolt and the rock experience significant plastic deformation simultaneously; the axial force also drops abruptly upon rock failure. At 0.010&#xa0;mm/s<sup>2</sup>, the bolt exhibits minor plastic deformation followed by fracture, accompanied by small cracks in the rock. The upward trend in axial force slows down when the rock breaks. The mechanical response of the bolt can interpret data patterns that have been validated across multiple landslide sites. This study provides a foundation for developing monitoring methods for rock mass instability.</p>

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Monitoring Structural Plane Slip Using Bolt Axial Force: Insights from Accelerated Shear Experiments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月30日

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  • Jiawang Zhan,
  • Chongyuan Zhang,
  • Xing Bai,
  • Zhigang Tao,
  • Shulin Ren,
  • Zixuan Gao,
  • Manchao He,
  • Guangming Luo,
  • Bowen Zheng,
  • Lishan Zhang

摘要

The natural geological structural planes within a rock mass represent potential destabilizing factors. Under the influence of mining and engineering activities, these structural planes are prone to instability, potentially leading to geological disasters such as landslides and fault dislocations. Detecting sliding in structural surfaces would greatly mitigate casualties and property losses. This paper proposes a novel method for monitoring the activity of structural rock masses. A bolt is installed across the structural plane between two rock masses, with both ends anchored, and the tensile load at the ends is monitored. When relative movement occurs between the two rock masses, the bolt is subjected to shear, inducing a tensile load that is transferred to its anchored ends. A series of accelerated shear tests were conducted using a high-performance quasi-NPR bolt to simulate the accelerated shear behavior associated with rock mass activity. The results indicate that the mechanical behavior of both the rock and the bolt exhibits a significant dependence on shear acceleration. Moreover, the axial force response of the bolt effectively reflects the damage state of the rock. At a shear acceleration of 0.001 mm/s2, the rock develops large cracks while the bolt undergoes minor plastic deformation. A drop abruptly but remains non-zero in the axial force of the bolt occurs at rock fracture. At 0.005 mm/s2, both the bolt and the rock experience significant plastic deformation simultaneously; the axial force also drops abruptly upon rock failure. At 0.010 mm/s2, the bolt exhibits minor plastic deformation followed by fracture, accompanied by small cracks in the rock. The upward trend in axial force slows down when the rock breaks. The mechanical response of the bolt can interpret data patterns that have been validated across multiple landslide sites. This study provides a foundation for developing monitoring methods for rock mass instability.