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<p>Salt caverns are widely used for large-scale underground energy storage, making it essential to understand the damage evolution of rock salt under coupled thermal and cyclic loading conditions. This study investigates the temperature effects on the damage evolution of rock salt under multistage creep–fatigue loading from 20 °C to 80 °C using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The results indicate that elevated temperatures induce significant thermal softening, leading to enhanced ductility but a substantial reduction in fatigue life. The AE response exhibits a stepwise progression correlated with the loading history, where elevated temperatures promote high-energy AE events. Consequently, the <i>b</i>-value decreases overall with increasing temperature, from 1.2174 at 20 °C to 1.0279 at 80 °C. This trend indicates a relative increase in high-amplitude AE events under the present loading protocol. RA–AF analysis further shows that tensile cracking remains dominant, while the shear-related contribution increases with temperature, indicating tensile-dominated mixed-mode damage. These findings provide potential AE-based indicators for monitoring the integrity of salt caverns subjected to cyclic operation.</p>

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Effect of Temperature on Damage Evolution in Rock Salt under Multistage Creep–Fatigue Loading: An Acoustic Emission Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月24日

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  • Hang Li,
  • Ka-Veng Yuen,
  • Hongling Ma,
  • Chunhe Yang,
  • Jiangyu Fang,
  • Xuan Wang,
  • Zhuyan Zheng,
  • Rui Liang

摘要

Salt caverns are widely used for large-scale underground energy storage, making it essential to understand the damage evolution of rock salt under coupled thermal and cyclic loading conditions. This study investigates the temperature effects on the damage evolution of rock salt under multistage creep–fatigue loading from 20 °C to 80 °C using acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The results indicate that elevated temperatures induce significant thermal softening, leading to enhanced ductility but a substantial reduction in fatigue life. The AE response exhibits a stepwise progression correlated with the loading history, where elevated temperatures promote high-energy AE events. Consequently, the b-value decreases overall with increasing temperature, from 1.2174 at 20 °C to 1.0279 at 80 °C. This trend indicates a relative increase in high-amplitude AE events under the present loading protocol. RA–AF analysis further shows that tensile cracking remains dominant, while the shear-related contribution increases with temperature, indicating tensile-dominated mixed-mode damage. These findings provide potential AE-based indicators for monitoring the integrity of salt caverns subjected to cyclic operation.