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<p>This study develops a vibration monitoring system for Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) cutterheads and presents a systematic analysis of vibration characteristics based on field-measured data. Using a self-developed real-time acquisition system, vibration signals and boring parameters were obtained alongside rock mass mechanical properties—including uniaxial compressive strength (<i>UCS</i>) and the coefficient of rock integrity (<i>K</i><sub>V</sub>)—across rock mass classifications II, III<sub>a</sub>, III<sub>b</sub>, and IV. Statistical analysis reveals the spectral characteristics in multiple directions and quantifies the influence of geological conditions and boring parameters on the vibration response. Results indicate that vibration energy in the axial and radial directions is concentrated in the medium-to-high frequency range, whereas circumferential energy lies predominantly within the medium-frequency band. Notably, axial vibration effectively reflects rock–machine interaction due to its alignment with the rock-breaking direction. As rock mass quality deteriorates from class II to class IV, both vibration intensity and root mean square (RMS) frequency exhibit a significant decrease. Both <i>UCS</i> and <i>K</i><sub>V</sub> show approximately linear positive correlations with vibration intensity. Regarding boring control parameters, rotational speed and thrust are positively correlated with vibration intensity. Specifically, increasing the rotational speed significantly raises the vibration frequency, while thrust has no notable effect on frequency. Conversely, penetration rate is negatively correlated with vibration intensity. Furthermore, cutterhead torque exerts a non-monotonic influence, initially reducing and then increasing vibration levels. This research provides a theoretical foundation and data support for intelligent TBM tunneling and condition perception.</p>

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Development of TBM Cutterhead Vibration Monitoring System and Analysis of Vibration Patterns

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月15日

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  • Zhenliang Zhou,
  • Zonglin Li,
  • Haokai Li,
  • Zhongsheng Tan,
  • Linfeng Li,
  • Qinglou Li

摘要

This study develops a vibration monitoring system for Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) cutterheads and presents a systematic analysis of vibration characteristics based on field-measured data. Using a self-developed real-time acquisition system, vibration signals and boring parameters were obtained alongside rock mass mechanical properties—including uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) and the coefficient of rock integrity (KV)—across rock mass classifications II, IIIa, IIIb, and IV. Statistical analysis reveals the spectral characteristics in multiple directions and quantifies the influence of geological conditions and boring parameters on the vibration response. Results indicate that vibration energy in the axial and radial directions is concentrated in the medium-to-high frequency range, whereas circumferential energy lies predominantly within the medium-frequency band. Notably, axial vibration effectively reflects rock–machine interaction due to its alignment with the rock-breaking direction. As rock mass quality deteriorates from class II to class IV, both vibration intensity and root mean square (RMS) frequency exhibit a significant decrease. Both UCS and KV show approximately linear positive correlations with vibration intensity. Regarding boring control parameters, rotational speed and thrust are positively correlated with vibration intensity. Specifically, increasing the rotational speed significantly raises the vibration frequency, while thrust has no notable effect on frequency. Conversely, penetration rate is negatively correlated with vibration intensity. Furthermore, cutterhead torque exerts a non-monotonic influence, initially reducing and then increasing vibration levels. This research provides a theoretical foundation and data support for intelligent TBM tunneling and condition perception.