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<p>High-speed railway tunnels constructed in jointed and layered rock mass are increasingly required to maintain long-term structural stability under continuous cyclic train loadings. However, the role of the surrounding rock mass in governing tunnel performance over the long-term service period remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop a study and computational framework to evaluate the long-term performance of high-speed railway tunnels subjected to dynamic train loadings. The model explicitly couples (i) the progressive strength degradation of rock masses and (ii) the transient slip dynamics of discontinuities governed by a slip-weakening friction law. This enables the simultaneous simulation of degradation-driven and slip-driven responses, capturing their evolution, interaction, and the resulting tunnel deformation throughout a 100-year design life. Simulation results reveal that tunnel deformation is predominantly governed by the slip of adjacent bedding planes, which evolve from quasi-static deformation to dynamic slip once a critical threshold is reached. The resulting deformation pattern of tunnel structures depends strongly on the tunnel’s position relative to the reactivated discontinuities. Parametric analyses further highlight the competing effects of the apparent degradation rate (<i>R</i><sub>d</sub>) and the critical slip distance (<i>D</i><sub>c</sub>): a higher <i>R</i><sub>d</sub> accelerates slip initiation, whereas a larger <i>D</i><sub>c</sub> suppresses slip propagation and delays failure. The dip angle and joint spacing of the rock mass also significantly influence long-term tunnel performance, whereas the effect of train speed is comparatively limited. These findings demonstrate the dominant role of the surrounding rock mass in controlling tunnel deformation and serviceability under long-term dynamic train loadings. The proposed framework provides a useful tool for performance-based design and durability assessment of tunnels in discontinuous rock masses, accounting for both transient slip and long-term degradation mechanisms.</p>

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Long-Term Performance of High-Speed Railway Tunnels Under Dynamic Train Loadings in Jointed Layered Rock

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月20日

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  • Junyao Yang,
  • Zixin Zhang,
  • Wenbo Pan,
  • Qinghua Lei

摘要

High-speed railway tunnels constructed in jointed and layered rock mass are increasingly required to maintain long-term structural stability under continuous cyclic train loadings. However, the role of the surrounding rock mass in governing tunnel performance over the long-term service period remains poorly understood. In this study, we develop a study and computational framework to evaluate the long-term performance of high-speed railway tunnels subjected to dynamic train loadings. The model explicitly couples (i) the progressive strength degradation of rock masses and (ii) the transient slip dynamics of discontinuities governed by a slip-weakening friction law. This enables the simultaneous simulation of degradation-driven and slip-driven responses, capturing their evolution, interaction, and the resulting tunnel deformation throughout a 100-year design life. Simulation results reveal that tunnel deformation is predominantly governed by the slip of adjacent bedding planes, which evolve from quasi-static deformation to dynamic slip once a critical threshold is reached. The resulting deformation pattern of tunnel structures depends strongly on the tunnel’s position relative to the reactivated discontinuities. Parametric analyses further highlight the competing effects of the apparent degradation rate (Rd) and the critical slip distance (Dc): a higher Rd accelerates slip initiation, whereas a larger Dc suppresses slip propagation and delays failure. The dip angle and joint spacing of the rock mass also significantly influence long-term tunnel performance, whereas the effect of train speed is comparatively limited. These findings demonstrate the dominant role of the surrounding rock mass in controlling tunnel deformation and serviceability under long-term dynamic train loadings. The proposed framework provides a useful tool for performance-based design and durability assessment of tunnels in discontinuous rock masses, accounting for both transient slip and long-term degradation mechanisms.