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<p>With the increasing depth of underground mining, rock reinforcement elements are subjected to high in‑situ stresses and large deformations, whereas conventional rockbolts often fail to simultaneously provide sufficient load capacity, deformability, and energy absorption. To address this limitation, a novel mechanical hybrid rockbolt, termed the HLEG‑bolt, is proposed, which integrates high load-bearing capacity, large deformation capability, enhanced energy absorption, and grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock. The HLEG‑bolt consists of solid and hollow threaded steel bars, a connection sleeve with grouting (CSG), an expansion shell anchor head, self-swelling anchoring rolls, and a sliding tube. A sliding mechanical model was developed to describe its staged deformation behavior and to identify the key structural parameters governing the load capacity and deformability. The optimal configuration of the rockbolt was determined through laboratory static tensile tests, indicating an anchorage length of 600 mm for the self-swelling anchoring rolls, a sliding cone diameter of 45 mm, and a grouted bond length of 450 mm. Under this configuration, the HLEG‑bolt achieved a total deformation of 453 mm, an energy absorption of 77.9 kJ, and an average working resistance of 175 kN. Field pull‑out tests further confirmed the reliable mechanical performance of the HLEG‑bolt under in‑situ conditions.</p>

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A Novel Mechanical Hybrid Rockbolt: Working Principles and Experimental Validation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月26日

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  • Jingxuan Zhang,
  • Shuai Xu,
  • Qingyu Zhu,
  • Danqi Li

摘要

With the increasing depth of underground mining, rock reinforcement elements are subjected to high in‑situ stresses and large deformations, whereas conventional rockbolts often fail to simultaneously provide sufficient load capacity, deformability, and energy absorption. To address this limitation, a novel mechanical hybrid rockbolt, termed the HLEG‑bolt, is proposed, which integrates high load-bearing capacity, large deformation capability, enhanced energy absorption, and grouting reinforcement of the surrounding rock. The HLEG‑bolt consists of solid and hollow threaded steel bars, a connection sleeve with grouting (CSG), an expansion shell anchor head, self-swelling anchoring rolls, and a sliding tube. A sliding mechanical model was developed to describe its staged deformation behavior and to identify the key structural parameters governing the load capacity and deformability. The optimal configuration of the rockbolt was determined through laboratory static tensile tests, indicating an anchorage length of 600 mm for the self-swelling anchoring rolls, a sliding cone diameter of 45 mm, and a grouted bond length of 450 mm. Under this configuration, the HLEG‑bolt achieved a total deformation of 453 mm, an energy absorption of 77.9 kJ, and an average working resistance of 175 kN. Field pull‑out tests further confirmed the reliable mechanical performance of the HLEG‑bolt under in‑situ conditions.