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<p>As a critical natural water barrier, mudstone stability is paramount for preventing water-inrush accidents in deep pressurized mining. However, the synergistic weakening mechanisms of mining-induced cyclic loading and hydrochemical immersion remain poorly understood. This study integrates triaxial and graded cyclic loading tests with XRD, SEM, NMR, and ICP-OES to investigate the mechanical deterioration, energy evolution, and microscopic mechanisms of mudstone across various immersion durations. The results indicate that: (1) Water immersion significantly degrades mudstone integrity; after 28&#xa0;days, the average peak strength dropped by 65.8%, while the fatigue life shortened from 13.3 to 6.3 cycles, accompanied by an increase in plastic deformation; (2) While total energy values decrease, the dissipated energy ratio at failure surges from 18.22% in the natural state to 61.48% after 28&#xa0;days, escalating further to a peak of 73.14% under cyclic loading, highlighting a synergistic weakening effect; (3) NMR analysis reveals that hydration and cyclic loading synergistically drive pore initiation, connectivity, and expansion, notably increasing the micropore peak (P1) amplitude by 4.27 times; concurrently, a failure mode transition from brittle "through-matrix" cracking to ductile "along-matrix" cracking is observed, serving as the physical driver for accelerated energy dissipation; (4) This phenomenon is rooted in the chemical dissolution of silicate clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite and albite) and competitive cation exchange, which increases the Na⁺ concentration by 1.36 times and weakens the clay matrix. The revealed mechanisms provide a practical reference for safety assessment and water-inrush control in pressurized mining.</p>

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Energy Evolution and Microscopic Response Mechanisms of Water-Immersed Mudstone Under Cyclic Loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月15日

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  • Chenhong Pan,
  • Xiaoqiang Zhang,
  • Kai Wang,
  • Yulong Jiang,
  • Jianbing Yan,
  • Pengqi Qiu,
  • Yi Tan,
  • Wenwei Wang,
  • Leyue Zhao,
  • Jinrun Xie

摘要

As a critical natural water barrier, mudstone stability is paramount for preventing water-inrush accidents in deep pressurized mining. However, the synergistic weakening mechanisms of mining-induced cyclic loading and hydrochemical immersion remain poorly understood. This study integrates triaxial and graded cyclic loading tests with XRD, SEM, NMR, and ICP-OES to investigate the mechanical deterioration, energy evolution, and microscopic mechanisms of mudstone across various immersion durations. The results indicate that: (1) Water immersion significantly degrades mudstone integrity; after 28 days, the average peak strength dropped by 65.8%, while the fatigue life shortened from 13.3 to 6.3 cycles, accompanied by an increase in plastic deformation; (2) While total energy values decrease, the dissipated energy ratio at failure surges from 18.22% in the natural state to 61.48% after 28 days, escalating further to a peak of 73.14% under cyclic loading, highlighting a synergistic weakening effect; (3) NMR analysis reveals that hydration and cyclic loading synergistically drive pore initiation, connectivity, and expansion, notably increasing the micropore peak (P1) amplitude by 4.27 times; concurrently, a failure mode transition from brittle "through-matrix" cracking to ductile "along-matrix" cracking is observed, serving as the physical driver for accelerated energy dissipation; (4) This phenomenon is rooted in the chemical dissolution of silicate clay minerals (e.g., kaolinite and albite) and competitive cation exchange, which increases the Na⁺ concentration by 1.36 times and weakens the clay matrix. The revealed mechanisms provide a practical reference for safety assessment and water-inrush control in pressurized mining.