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<p>In rock mass engineering, the presence of rough fractures significantly influences grout diffusion and grouting effectiveness. This study utilized a self-developed a specialized simulation system for rough fractures, combined with 3D morphological scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, to quantitatively characterize fracture roughness and slurry sealing performance. Numerical simulations were further employed to analyze slurry diffusion characteristics under varying roughness conditions. Experimental results indicate that grout pressure and velocity exhibit three distinct stages: an initial increase, a period of stabilization, and a final decrease. Under constant injection pressure, the grout pressure within the fracture was observed to rise with increasing fracture roughness (as quantified by the root mean square, RMS): for RMS values of 0.98, 1.15, and 1.68, the pressure increased by 3.9% and 11.6%, respectively. Furthermore, T2 spectra from NMR analysis indicated that higher RMS values correspond to a greater proportion of smaller, blocked pores. Numerical simulation results further demonstrated that the grout diffusion pattern transitioned from a semi-circular front in smoother fractures to trapezoidal and subsequently to irregular quadrilateral shapes as surface roughness increased. As the roughness of the fracture surface increased, the overall slurry flow rate exhibited a declining trend, which retarded the slurry diffusion. However, this same increase in roughness promoted the attachment and deposition of slurry particles, ultimately improving the filling efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing grouting strategies in fractured rock masses.</p>

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Investigation on the Grouting Diffusion in Granite with Rough Fracture: Insights from Physical Model Tests and Numerical Simulation

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Shuai Gao,
  • Fuqiang Ren,
  • Yuan Chang,
  • Xiaoyun Zhang

摘要

In rock mass engineering, the presence of rough fractures significantly influences grout diffusion and grouting effectiveness. This study utilized a self-developed a specialized simulation system for rough fractures, combined with 3D morphological scanning and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) technology, to quantitatively characterize fracture roughness and slurry sealing performance. Numerical simulations were further employed to analyze slurry diffusion characteristics under varying roughness conditions. Experimental results indicate that grout pressure and velocity exhibit three distinct stages: an initial increase, a period of stabilization, and a final decrease. Under constant injection pressure, the grout pressure within the fracture was observed to rise with increasing fracture roughness (as quantified by the root mean square, RMS): for RMS values of 0.98, 1.15, and 1.68, the pressure increased by 3.9% and 11.6%, respectively. Furthermore, T2 spectra from NMR analysis indicated that higher RMS values correspond to a greater proportion of smaller, blocked pores. Numerical simulation results further demonstrated that the grout diffusion pattern transitioned from a semi-circular front in smoother fractures to trapezoidal and subsequently to irregular quadrilateral shapes as surface roughness increased. As the roughness of the fracture surface increased, the overall slurry flow rate exhibited a declining trend, which retarded the slurry diffusion. However, this same increase in roughness promoted the attachment and deposition of slurry particles, ultimately improving the filling efficiency. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing grouting strategies in fractured rock masses.