The presence of joints in rock masses significantly compromises their mechanical integrity and alters stress wave propagation, critically impacting geotechnical safety. Quantifying how joint roughness governs stress-wave evolution is therefore critical for blast design, seismic hazard assessment, and underground excavation. This study investigates the influence of joint morphology on dynamic wave behavior using marble, granite, and sandstone specimens with realistic joints. The experimental data were analyzed in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform. The analysis revealed that while the shaping technique primarily controlled the time-domain characteristics (e.g., pulse width) of the initial stress wave, the subsequent energy conversion of the shock signal was predominantly altered by joint roughness. Furthermore, the extent of this alteration was found to be correlated with both the rock type and the pulse width of the incident wave. The energy conversion of the marble specimens is less sensitive to the incident pulse width than that of granite and sandstone. The incident wave pulse width also significantly affects the joint stiffness and closure volume. The joint stiffness is minimized and the closure volume is maximized when the pulse width is 360 μs. By defining the frequency transmission coefficient, it is found that all three specimens exhibit a severe attenuation effect for both frequency intervals, which is independent of the incident pulse width and the joint roughness.Highlights<UnorderedList Mark="Bullet"> <ItemContent> Granite, marble, and sandstone specimens were prepared that reproduced realistic joint morphology characteristics. </ItemContent> <ItemContent> Dynamic compression tests were performed on three specimens at various incident pulse widths using the SHPB system. </ItemContent> <ItemContent> The fast Fourier transform technique was used to obtain spectrograms and the frequency transmission coefficient was defined. </ItemContent> <ItemContent> The energy conversion, joint stiffness and maximum closure were revealed in relation to the incident signal pulse width. </ItemContent> <ItemContent> The attenuation of each frequency component of the incident signal after penetrating the joint is analyzed as affected by JRC and the incident pulse width </ItemContent> </UnorderedList>

Frequency Spectrum and Energy Analysis of Stress Waves Vertically Incident on a Single Joint under Dynamic Loading

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发表日期：

2026年3月23日

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Bangbiao Wu,
Dongyan Sun,
Ling Yang,
Jiaxuan Wang,
Wei Yao

摘要

The presence of joints in rock masses significantly compromises their mechanical integrity and alters stress wave propagation, critically impacting geotechnical safety. Quantifying how joint roughness governs stress-wave evolution is therefore critical for blast design, seismic hazard assessment, and underground excavation. This study investigates the influence of joint morphology on dynamic wave behavior using marble, granite, and sandstone specimens with realistic joints. The experimental data were analyzed in the frequency domain using the fast Fourier transform. The analysis revealed that while the shaping technique primarily controlled the time-domain characteristics (e.g., pulse width) of the initial stress wave, the subsequent energy conversion of the shock signal was predominantly altered by joint roughness. Furthermore, the extent of this alteration was found to be correlated with both the rock type and the pulse width of the incident wave. The energy conversion of the marble specimens is less sensitive to the incident pulse width than that of granite and sandstone. The incident wave pulse width also significantly affects the joint stiffness and closure volume. The joint stiffness is minimized and the closure volume is maximized when the pulse width is 360 μs. By defining the frequency transmission coefficient, it is found that all three specimens exhibit a severe attenuation effect for both frequency intervals, which is independent of the incident pulse width and the joint roughness.

Highlights

Granite, marble, and sandstone specimens were prepared that reproduced realistic joint morphology characteristics.

Dynamic compression tests were performed on three specimens at various incident pulse widths using the SHPB system.

The fast Fourier transform technique was used to obtain spectrograms and the frequency transmission coefficient was defined.

The energy conversion, joint stiffness and maximum closure were revealed in relation to the incident signal pulse width.

The attenuation of each frequency component of the incident signal after penetrating the joint is analyzed as affected by JRC and the incident pulse width