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<p>Accurate in-situ stress measurement is essential for underground safety. As mining reaches greater depths, high-temperature and high-stress environments pose challenges to traditional on-site methods. The acoustic emission (AE) Kaiser effect method allows remote application, offering a promising alternative. However, thermo-mechanical coupling environments cause complex changes in rock properties, which may affect the behavior of the Kaiser effect. Therefore, this study conducted rock compression tests with real-time reconstruction of deep thermo-mechanical coupling history using granite specimens. Combined with PFC2D numerical simulations, the damage evolution process of granite was investigated at the microscale. The characteristics, evolution, and underlying physical mechanisms of the Kaiser effect were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of granite degrade significantly under real-time high-temperature and high-stress loading, accompanied by intensified internal damage, which in turn affects the behavior of the Kaiser effect. The felicity ratio (FR) decreases with increasing prestress level and is notably influenced by temperature variations. At low prestress levels, FR increases with rising temperature, whereas the opposite trend is observed at high prestress levels. Numerical simulations reveal that the characteristics of crack growth determine the timing of the Kaiser effect generated. As temperature increases, the range of prestress level that ensures the validity of the Kaiser effect narrows overall, and this variation is closely related to the intersection point of the FR-prestress level curves. Based on the experimental results, a prestress prediction model was developed to correct the errors arising when using the AE Kaiser effect method under room-temperature conditions to measure in-situ stress in high-temperature environments. The model achieved a coefficient of determination of <i>R</i><sup>2</sup> = 0.95 and a root mean square error of 4.89&#xa0;MPa, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy and reliability. This model provides theoretical support for in-situ stress testing in high-temperature underground engineering.</p>

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Mechanism and Prediction of the Kaiser Effect in Rocks Under Historical Deep Thermo-mechanical Coupling Environments

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月3日

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  • Zhangwei Chen,
  • Zhixiang Liu,
  • Jiangzhan Chen,
  • XiBing Li

摘要

Accurate in-situ stress measurement is essential for underground safety. As mining reaches greater depths, high-temperature and high-stress environments pose challenges to traditional on-site methods. The acoustic emission (AE) Kaiser effect method allows remote application, offering a promising alternative. However, thermo-mechanical coupling environments cause complex changes in rock properties, which may affect the behavior of the Kaiser effect. Therefore, this study conducted rock compression tests with real-time reconstruction of deep thermo-mechanical coupling history using granite specimens. Combined with PFC2D numerical simulations, the damage evolution process of granite was investigated at the microscale. The characteristics, evolution, and underlying physical mechanisms of the Kaiser effect were systematically analyzed. The results indicate that the mechanical properties of granite degrade significantly under real-time high-temperature and high-stress loading, accompanied by intensified internal damage, which in turn affects the behavior of the Kaiser effect. The felicity ratio (FR) decreases with increasing prestress level and is notably influenced by temperature variations. At low prestress levels, FR increases with rising temperature, whereas the opposite trend is observed at high prestress levels. Numerical simulations reveal that the characteristics of crack growth determine the timing of the Kaiser effect generated. As temperature increases, the range of prestress level that ensures the validity of the Kaiser effect narrows overall, and this variation is closely related to the intersection point of the FR-prestress level curves. Based on the experimental results, a prestress prediction model was developed to correct the errors arising when using the AE Kaiser effect method under room-temperature conditions to measure in-situ stress in high-temperature environments. The model achieved a coefficient of determination of R2 = 0.95 and a root mean square error of 4.89 MPa, demonstrating strong predictive accuracy and reliability. This model provides theoretical support for in-situ stress testing in high-temperature underground engineering.