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<p>The persistent challenge of water inrush in deep-buried tunnels exhibiting substantial soft rock deformation critically compromises construction safety. This study examines the large-deformation and mud-inrush section of the Daliangshan Tunnel, situated within the Hengduan Mountain Range in southwestern Yunnan Province, China. The research employs an integrated approach combining geophysical exploration (including geostress measurement, transient electromagnetic methods, and tunnel geological radar 3D exploration analysis), numerical simulation (analyzing pore water pressure, displacement, stress, and anchor axial force), and physical modeling (utilizing DIC displacement, infrared thermal imaging, stress, and strain gauge displacement monitoring). Through this integrated approach, we systematically investigated the deformation mechanisms in soft rock tunnels experiencing large deformations and water inrush. A novel control strategy was developed, integrating grouting with prestressed (NPR) anchor cables. Three principal findings emerged. (1) The damage zone in the Daliangshan Tunnel's soft rock deformation is primarily influenced by multiple interacting factors, including fault fracture zones, high ground stress, significant soft rock deformation, expansibility, lithologic contact zones, and mud inrush. Deterioration of the rock mass proceeds via two dominant mechanisms: shear-slip along critically oriented discontinuities and hydro-mechanical softening and erosion of the weak rock matrix. (2) The large-deformation and water-damage zones within the soft rock formation are dominantly controlled by the F10 fault rupture. This structural discontinuity generates intensive fracture propagation in the tunnel heading area and produces distinct Class V fractured rock mass characteristics in the surrounding strata. (3) Traditional new Austrian tunneling method proves insufficient for effectively controlling surrounding rock deformation in soft rock tunnels experiencing large deformation and mud inrush. The proposed support system combining grouting with prestressed anchor cables demonstrates superior deformation-control capabilities. This integrated grouting and prestressed anchor cable control system establishes a scientific basis for stabilizing soft rock tunnels under comparable large-deformation and water-inrush conditions.</p>

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Study on Hydro-Mechanical Coupling Deformation Mechanism and Control Strategy of Mud-Gushing Tunnel with Large Deformation in Soft Rock

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月5日

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  • Yong Li,
  • Zhigang Tao,
  • Manchao He

摘要

The persistent challenge of water inrush in deep-buried tunnels exhibiting substantial soft rock deformation critically compromises construction safety. This study examines the large-deformation and mud-inrush section of the Daliangshan Tunnel, situated within the Hengduan Mountain Range in southwestern Yunnan Province, China. The research employs an integrated approach combining geophysical exploration (including geostress measurement, transient electromagnetic methods, and tunnel geological radar 3D exploration analysis), numerical simulation (analyzing pore water pressure, displacement, stress, and anchor axial force), and physical modeling (utilizing DIC displacement, infrared thermal imaging, stress, and strain gauge displacement monitoring). Through this integrated approach, we systematically investigated the deformation mechanisms in soft rock tunnels experiencing large deformations and water inrush. A novel control strategy was developed, integrating grouting with prestressed (NPR) anchor cables. Three principal findings emerged. (1) The damage zone in the Daliangshan Tunnel's soft rock deformation is primarily influenced by multiple interacting factors, including fault fracture zones, high ground stress, significant soft rock deformation, expansibility, lithologic contact zones, and mud inrush. Deterioration of the rock mass proceeds via two dominant mechanisms: shear-slip along critically oriented discontinuities and hydro-mechanical softening and erosion of the weak rock matrix. (2) The large-deformation and water-damage zones within the soft rock formation are dominantly controlled by the F10 fault rupture. This structural discontinuity generates intensive fracture propagation in the tunnel heading area and produces distinct Class V fractured rock mass characteristics in the surrounding strata. (3) Traditional new Austrian tunneling method proves insufficient for effectively controlling surrounding rock deformation in soft rock tunnels experiencing large deformation and mud inrush. The proposed support system combining grouting with prestressed anchor cables demonstrates superior deformation-control capabilities. This integrated grouting and prestressed anchor cable control system establishes a scientific basis for stabilizing soft rock tunnels under comparable large-deformation and water-inrush conditions.