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<p>An in-depth understanding of the dynamic response around a circular excavation subject to the combined dynamic and static loads is essential for a safe design of multiscale cavity in the mine. In this paper, a theoretical model of distortion energy density (DED) distribution around a circular hole under combined static and dynamic loads was developed. Then, a circular opening was created in the rock samples such that the perforated samples were tested under various static and dynamic loading conditions. The high-speed DIC equipment was utilized to capture the damage process of the perforated rock samples. The experimental results demonstrate that soft rock samples subjected to varying levels of static pre-load exhibit “X”-shaped asymmetric damage accumulation and fracture propagation under both cyclic low-speed impacts and high-speed single impacts, which is consistent with the <i>DED</i> concentration area predicted by the theoretical model. Based on the multiscale dynamic response characteristics of cavities, a critical frequency for dynamic loading events is defined. Two types of cavity response under transient stress wave are identified, among which the second mode is associated with more severe failure around the cavity.</p>

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Investigation of Asymmetric Failure Mechanism in Perforated Soft Rock Under Coupled Dynamic–Static Loads: Multiscale Insights into Cavity-Induced Dynamic Responses

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月6日

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  • Hongtao Liu,
  • Zihan Chen,
  • Zhou Han,
  • Mostafa Sharifzadeh,
  • Roohollah Shirani Faradonbeh,
  • Danqi Li

摘要

An in-depth understanding of the dynamic response around a circular excavation subject to the combined dynamic and static loads is essential for a safe design of multiscale cavity in the mine. In this paper, a theoretical model of distortion energy density (DED) distribution around a circular hole under combined static and dynamic loads was developed. Then, a circular opening was created in the rock samples such that the perforated samples were tested under various static and dynamic loading conditions. The high-speed DIC equipment was utilized to capture the damage process of the perforated rock samples. The experimental results demonstrate that soft rock samples subjected to varying levels of static pre-load exhibit “X”-shaped asymmetric damage accumulation and fracture propagation under both cyclic low-speed impacts and high-speed single impacts, which is consistent with the DED concentration area predicted by the theoretical model. Based on the multiscale dynamic response characteristics of cavities, a critical frequency for dynamic loading events is defined. Two types of cavity response under transient stress wave are identified, among which the second mode is associated with more severe failure around the cavity.