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<p>The ongoing surface subsidence on the northern slope of the Fushun West open-pit mine (China), resulting from prolonged mining operations, has caused structural issues in nearby buildings, including cracking, tilting, and even collapse. To address these challenges, we introduce effective stress and stress corrosion equations drawing from principles such as the capillary law, effective stress theory, and subcritical crack growth theory. These equations form the basis of a numerical model that simulates time-dependent deformation in rock masses using Voronoi polyhedron blocks. A numerical slope model is established to evaluate the long-term stability of the E2400 northern slope at the open-pit mine under groundwater influence. Our findings demonstrate a consistent trend in the temporal deformation of the E2400 northern slope shoulder, aligning closely with the in situ monitoring data, thus affirming the numerical model’s accuracy. When the groundwater table depth hits 4&#xa0;m (equivalent to the floodwater table depth), the most significant surface subsidence occurs about 100&#xa0;m away along the slope shoulder (precisely on the right side of fault F1) during the temporal deformation of the E2400 northern slope. As time progresses, the rate of surface subsidence gradually decreases, indicating a trend toward slope stabilization. Additionally, we find that a mining disturbance zone extends up to 200&#xa0;m near the E2400 northern slope. The modeling presented herein helps us better understand the long-term stability of the northern slope of the Fushun West open-pit mine, thus improving our ability to mitigate potential hazards.</p>

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Time-Dependent Deformation Model of the Rock Mass Integrating the Effect of Groundwater with Application to Slope Stability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月11日

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  • Tengfei Fu,
  • Tao Xu,
  • Michael J. Heap,
  • Shengqi Yang,
  • Susheng Wang,
  • P. L. P. Wasantha,
  • Zhiguo Li

摘要

The ongoing surface subsidence on the northern slope of the Fushun West open-pit mine (China), resulting from prolonged mining operations, has caused structural issues in nearby buildings, including cracking, tilting, and even collapse. To address these challenges, we introduce effective stress and stress corrosion equations drawing from principles such as the capillary law, effective stress theory, and subcritical crack growth theory. These equations form the basis of a numerical model that simulates time-dependent deformation in rock masses using Voronoi polyhedron blocks. A numerical slope model is established to evaluate the long-term stability of the E2400 northern slope at the open-pit mine under groundwater influence. Our findings demonstrate a consistent trend in the temporal deformation of the E2400 northern slope shoulder, aligning closely with the in situ monitoring data, thus affirming the numerical model’s accuracy. When the groundwater table depth hits 4 m (equivalent to the floodwater table depth), the most significant surface subsidence occurs about 100 m away along the slope shoulder (precisely on the right side of fault F1) during the temporal deformation of the E2400 northern slope. As time progresses, the rate of surface subsidence gradually decreases, indicating a trend toward slope stabilization. Additionally, we find that a mining disturbance zone extends up to 200 m near the E2400 northern slope. The modeling presented herein helps us better understand the long-term stability of the northern slope of the Fushun West open-pit mine, thus improving our ability to mitigate potential hazards.