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<p>As ubiquitous structural discontinuities within crustal rock masses, rock joints have a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of rock masses through their real contact area under normal loading. While matched closed joints have been extensively studied, the real contact area of mismatched joints remains poorly characterized. We applied five different levels of horizontal offset to red sandstone joint specimens to create mismatched joints, conducted 80 sets of tests with pressure-sensitive films, and obtained the real contact area and real contact stress for each specimen. The results demonstrate that as the offset increases, the real contact stress rises, while the real contact area of the joint diminishes and stabilizes beyond 3&#xa0;mm. For joint specimens with the same matched condition, there is a positive correlation between real contact area and joint roughness coefficient. Furthermore, the real contact area of joint specimens increases with increasing normal load, a pattern that holds regardless of the presence of offsets. Notably, in the roughest region of the same joint, the real contact stress at 9&#xa0;mm offset can reach 70 times the nominal stress, demonstrating that rock masses become more susceptible to failure under the combined effect of offset and normal load. This study elucidates the evolutionary mechanisms of real contact area in mismatched rock joints, providing critical experimental data for the refinement of constitutive models in jointed rock masses.</p>

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Effects of Offset Displacement and Joint Roughness Coefficient (JRC) on the Real Contact Area of Mismatched Rock Joints

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Yuzong Li,
  • Haoxiang Cui,
  • Ou Zhang,
  • Zexin Zhang,
  • Fanzhen Meng

摘要

As ubiquitous structural discontinuities within crustal rock masses, rock joints have a significant influence on the mechanical behavior of rock masses through their real contact area under normal loading. While matched closed joints have been extensively studied, the real contact area of mismatched joints remains poorly characterized. We applied five different levels of horizontal offset to red sandstone joint specimens to create mismatched joints, conducted 80 sets of tests with pressure-sensitive films, and obtained the real contact area and real contact stress for each specimen. The results demonstrate that as the offset increases, the real contact stress rises, while the real contact area of the joint diminishes and stabilizes beyond 3 mm. For joint specimens with the same matched condition, there is a positive correlation between real contact area and joint roughness coefficient. Furthermore, the real contact area of joint specimens increases with increasing normal load, a pattern that holds regardless of the presence of offsets. Notably, in the roughest region of the same joint, the real contact stress at 9 mm offset can reach 70 times the nominal stress, demonstrating that rock masses become more susceptible to failure under the combined effect of offset and normal load. This study elucidates the evolutionary mechanisms of real contact area in mismatched rock joints, providing critical experimental data for the refinement of constitutive models in jointed rock masses.