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<p>The intact rock in the non-persistent jointed rock mass is defined as a rock bridge, which provides key resistance to slope slide. Previous studies simplified rock bridges by excluding their height, whereas our research considered this feature and treated rock bridges as I-shaped blocks. Here, we conducted direct shear tests on red sandstone specimens with 20&#xa0;mm high rock bridges of varying lengths. Deformation and failure were monitored via digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE). We found that a force couple acting on the blocky rock bridge induced rotation, driving crack propagation and failure, and produced a horizontally layered displacement field and a striated vertical displacement field. We further proposed the unique peak frequency to quantify AE frequency changes and achieved failure prediction at approximately 70% of peak shear stress by integrating multiple AE parameters to capture the spatio-temporal evolution of damage. Our study may provide a new perspective on the prediction and early warning of rock slope slides.</p>

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Experimental Study on the Failure of Blocky Rock Bridge Under Direct Shear: Mechanical Characteristics, Acoustic Emission and Early Warning

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月28日

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  • Bin Fu,
  • Yingchun Li,
  • Zhenghu Zhang,
  • Joung Oh

摘要

The intact rock in the non-persistent jointed rock mass is defined as a rock bridge, which provides key resistance to slope slide. Previous studies simplified rock bridges by excluding their height, whereas our research considered this feature and treated rock bridges as I-shaped blocks. Here, we conducted direct shear tests on red sandstone specimens with 20 mm high rock bridges of varying lengths. Deformation and failure were monitored via digital image correlation (DIC) and acoustic emission (AE). We found that a force couple acting on the blocky rock bridge induced rotation, driving crack propagation and failure, and produced a horizontally layered displacement field and a striated vertical displacement field. We further proposed the unique peak frequency to quantify AE frequency changes and achieved failure prediction at approximately 70% of peak shear stress by integrating multiple AE parameters to capture the spatio-temporal evolution of damage. Our study may provide a new perspective on the prediction and early warning of rock slope slides.