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<p>Seismic activation of concealed faults near deep tunnels or underground caverns, which induces surrounding rock mass failure, has become a major challenge for the construction and operation of deep underground engineering projects as well as safe mining practices. As the external excitation source of surrounding rock mass damage, seismic source simulation forms the basis for predicting and evaluating rock mass stability. This study improves upon traditional point-source models by establishing a three-dimensional heterogeneous spherical seismic source model incorporating fault-slip mechanisms. Through non-point-source dynamic input methods, actual fault seismic simulations have been conducted. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method have been verified by analyzing seismic-wave radiation characteristics, waveform parameter comparisons, and cavern response assessments. Furthermore, the influence of fault geometry and seismic intensity has been investigated, determining the most unfavorable fault-dip angles and critical seismic magnitudes near caverns. The developed approach enables flexible and rapid simulation of fault activation with various spatial positions, geometric configurations, and seismic intensities, providing technical support for identifying hazardous faults in deep caverns and mines, as well as evaluating engineering disasters such as fault-slip induced rockbursts.</p>

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A Novel Simulation Approach for Seismic Activation of Concealed Faults in Underground Caverns Using a 3D Non-uniform Spherical Source Model

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月14日

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  • Jinping Ye,
  • Chuanqing Zhang,
  • Ning Liu,
  • Tianbing Xiang,
  • Chao Wang

摘要

Seismic activation of concealed faults near deep tunnels or underground caverns, which induces surrounding rock mass failure, has become a major challenge for the construction and operation of deep underground engineering projects as well as safe mining practices. As the external excitation source of surrounding rock mass damage, seismic source simulation forms the basis for predicting and evaluating rock mass stability. This study improves upon traditional point-source models by establishing a three-dimensional heterogeneous spherical seismic source model incorporating fault-slip mechanisms. Through non-point-source dynamic input methods, actual fault seismic simulations have been conducted. The reliability and accuracy of the proposed method have been verified by analyzing seismic-wave radiation characteristics, waveform parameter comparisons, and cavern response assessments. Furthermore, the influence of fault geometry and seismic intensity has been investigated, determining the most unfavorable fault-dip angles and critical seismic magnitudes near caverns. The developed approach enables flexible and rapid simulation of fault activation with various spatial positions, geometric configurations, and seismic intensities, providing technical support for identifying hazardous faults in deep caverns and mines, as well as evaluating engineering disasters such as fault-slip induced rockbursts.