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<p>The volumetric proportion and shape of fracture grout veins significantly impact the physical and mechanical properties of grouted reinforcement in soft rock. To examine the effect on permeability and mechanical behavior, constant head permeability and triaxial compression tests were performed on initial and reinforced soft rock samples with varying vein volumetric proportions and shapes. Flexible triaxial numerical simulations were enhanced using the discrete element method (DEM) and a coupled continuous–discontinuous model. The effects of grout vein volume and spatial shape on permeability, mechanical performance, peak shear strength, and shear parameters (cohesion <i>c</i> and friction angle <i>φ</i>) were systematically investigated. Results show the following. (1) Increasing the grouted vein volumetric proportion improves permeability resistance, slowing the rapid deterioration of intact rock and leading to a quasi-linear trend. Branched, interconnected grout veins further enhance impermeability by 5 ~ 7%. (2) Comparison of the triaxial failure behaviors of the initial rock and grouted samples shows a transition from lacking post-peak strength to exhibiting it, with increased radial strain and ductility. The underlying mechanisms were clarified. (3) The continuous–discontinuous coupling method improved the flexible triaxial numerical model, enabling precise characterization of radial strain failure in reinforced soft rock. The flexible boundary proved more suitable for soft rock grout reinforcements. (4) Quantitative analysis showed that for every 1% increase in grouted vein volume (0 ~ 10.2%), peak strength increased by 0.69&#xa0;MPa, cohesion “<i>c</i>” by 0.28&#xa0;MPa, and friction angle “<i>φ</i>” by 0.06°. (5) At constant grout vein volume, the multi-branched and overlapping vein shape from repeated fracture grouting enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the reinforcement. The research results can provide some experimental evidence and valuable references for evaluating the reinforcement effectiveness of the fracture grouting techniques.</p>

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Experimental Study on the Influence of Repeated Fracture Grout Veins on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Soft Rock Grouted Reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月27日

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  • Yunpeng Xie,
  • Zongqing Zhou,
  • Gaohan Jin,
  • Chenglu Gao,
  • Dongdong Pan,
  • Huaqing Ma,
  • Songsong Bai

摘要

The volumetric proportion and shape of fracture grout veins significantly impact the physical and mechanical properties of grouted reinforcement in soft rock. To examine the effect on permeability and mechanical behavior, constant head permeability and triaxial compression tests were performed on initial and reinforced soft rock samples with varying vein volumetric proportions and shapes. Flexible triaxial numerical simulations were enhanced using the discrete element method (DEM) and a coupled continuous–discontinuous model. The effects of grout vein volume and spatial shape on permeability, mechanical performance, peak shear strength, and shear parameters (cohesion c and friction angle φ) were systematically investigated. Results show the following. (1) Increasing the grouted vein volumetric proportion improves permeability resistance, slowing the rapid deterioration of intact rock and leading to a quasi-linear trend. Branched, interconnected grout veins further enhance impermeability by 5 ~ 7%. (2) Comparison of the triaxial failure behaviors of the initial rock and grouted samples shows a transition from lacking post-peak strength to exhibiting it, with increased radial strain and ductility. The underlying mechanisms were clarified. (3) The continuous–discontinuous coupling method improved the flexible triaxial numerical model, enabling precise characterization of radial strain failure in reinforced soft rock. The flexible boundary proved more suitable for soft rock grout reinforcements. (4) Quantitative analysis showed that for every 1% increase in grouted vein volume (0 ~ 10.2%), peak strength increased by 0.69 MPa, cohesion “c” by 0.28 MPa, and friction angle “φ” by 0.06°. (5) At constant grout vein volume, the multi-branched and overlapping vein shape from repeated fracture grouting enhances the physical and mechanical properties of the reinforcement. The research results can provide some experimental evidence and valuable references for evaluating the reinforcement effectiveness of the fracture grouting techniques.