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<p>Soundless chemical agents (SCAs) provide an environmentally friendly alternative for rock fracturing, yet the fracture control mechanisms of guide slots remain inadequately understood. This study integrates experimental measurements with numerical simulations to investigate guide slot effects on SCA-induced fracture propagation. A numerical model for SCA expansion was established using the coupling of finite difference method and discrete element methods (FDM–DEM), with model parameters calibrated through steel pipe strain experiments. Systematic numerical studies evaluated the influence of guide slot size, number of guide slots, confining pressure, and borehole spacing on the fracture-controlling effectiveness of guide slots. Results show that guide slots reduce the duration of the pressure accumulation and the initial cracking stages while lowering rock fracturing pressure by concentrating tensile stress at slot tips. The maximum principal stress direction dominates fracture propagation: alignment with guide slots promotes straight fractures and lowers rock fracturing pressure; conversely, misalignment increases rock fracturing pressure and causes tortuous fractures along the maximum principal stress direction. For boreholes with multiple guide slots, not all slots induce fractures due to the quasi-static stress equilibrium mechanism. Furthermore, aligning guide slots with the borehole arrangement direction and reducing borehole spacing both lower rock fracturing pressure and produce smoother fracture surfaces. Compared to non-slotted boreholes, utilizing aligned guide slots reduces fracturing pressure by 17% and 13% at borehole spacings of 30&#xa0;cm and 20&#xa0;cm, respectively.</p>

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Effect of Guide Slot on Fracture Propagation Under the Expansion Pressure of Static Chemical Agents

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月25日

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  • Wei Tang,
  • Cheng Zhai,
  • Ning Luo,
  • Jizhao Xu,
  • Yangfeng Zheng,
  • Wang Yu,
  • Chengjian Pi

摘要

Soundless chemical agents (SCAs) provide an environmentally friendly alternative for rock fracturing, yet the fracture control mechanisms of guide slots remain inadequately understood. This study integrates experimental measurements with numerical simulations to investigate guide slot effects on SCA-induced fracture propagation. A numerical model for SCA expansion was established using the coupling of finite difference method and discrete element methods (FDM–DEM), with model parameters calibrated through steel pipe strain experiments. Systematic numerical studies evaluated the influence of guide slot size, number of guide slots, confining pressure, and borehole spacing on the fracture-controlling effectiveness of guide slots. Results show that guide slots reduce the duration of the pressure accumulation and the initial cracking stages while lowering rock fracturing pressure by concentrating tensile stress at slot tips. The maximum principal stress direction dominates fracture propagation: alignment with guide slots promotes straight fractures and lowers rock fracturing pressure; conversely, misalignment increases rock fracturing pressure and causes tortuous fractures along the maximum principal stress direction. For boreholes with multiple guide slots, not all slots induce fractures due to the quasi-static stress equilibrium mechanism. Furthermore, aligning guide slots with the borehole arrangement direction and reducing borehole spacing both lower rock fracturing pressure and produce smoother fracture surfaces. Compared to non-slotted boreholes, utilizing aligned guide slots reduces fracturing pressure by 17% and 13% at borehole spacings of 30 cm and 20 cm, respectively.